# 설정과 환경 변수 { #settings-and-environment-variables }

많은 경우 애플리케이션에는 외부 설정이나 구성(예: secret key, 데이터베이스 자격 증명, 이메일 서비스 자격 증명 등)이 필요할 수 있습니다.

이러한 설정 대부분은 데이터베이스 URL처럼 변동 가능(변경될 수 있음)합니다. 그리고 많은 설정은 secret처럼 민감할 수 있습니다.

이 때문에 보통 애플리케이션이 읽어들이는 환경 변수로 이를 제공하는 것이 일반적입니다.

/// tip | 팁

환경 변수를 이해하려면 [환경 변수](../environment-variables.md)를 읽어보세요.

///

## 타입과 검증 { #types-and-validation }

* `Field(index=True)` каже SQLModel створити **SQL-індекс** для цього стовпця, що дозволить швидше виконувати пошук у базі даних під час читання даних, відфільтрованих за цим стовпцем.

      };

  private static final EntryTransformer<String, String, String> DECODE_ENTRY_TRANSFORMER =
      new EntryTransformer<String, String, String>() {
        @Override
        public String transformEntry(String key, String value) {
          return DECODE_FUNCTION.apply(value);
        }
      };

  static TestSuite transformSuite() {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite("Maps.transform");

#### A Random Item { #a-random-item }

With `data.items()` we get an <dfn title="Something we can iterate on with a for loop, like a list, set, etc.">iterable object</dfn> with tuples containing the key and value for each dictionary item.

We convert this iterable object into a proper `list` with `list(data.items())`.

* `Field(index=True)` informa ao SQLModel que ele deve criar um **índice SQL** para essa coluna, o que permitirá buscas mais rápidas no banco de dados ao ler dados filtrados por essa coluna.

The first change is that now we are declaring the OAuth2 security scheme with two available scopes, `me` and `items`.

The `scopes` parameter receives a `dict` with each scope as a key and the description as the value:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[63:66] *}

Because we are now declaring those scopes, they will show up in the API docs when you log-in/authorize.

	desc, ok := m.descriptors[name]
	if !ok {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("metric has no description: %s", name))
	}

	if len(labels)%2 != 0 {
		panic("labels must be a list of ordered key-value pairs")
	}

	validLabels := desc.getLabelSet()
	labelMap := make(map[string]string, len(labels)/2)
	for i := 0; i < len(labels); i += 2 {
		if _, ok := validLabels[labels[i]]; !ok {

			expectedErr: nil,
			expectErr:   false,
		},
		// invalid Status key
		{
			value:       `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><ObjectLockLegalHold xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/"><MyStatus>ON</MyStatus></ObjectLockLegalHold>`,

pkg os, func UserHomeDir() (string, error)
pkg os, method (*File) SyscallConn() (syscall.RawConn, error)
pkg os, method (*ProcessState) ExitCode() int
pkg os/exec, method (ExitError) ExitCode() int
pkg reflect, method (*MapIter) Key() Value
pkg reflect, method (*MapIter) Next() bool
pkg reflect, method (*MapIter) Value() Value
pkg reflect, method (Value) MapRange() *MapIter
pkg reflect, type MapIter struct

   * ```
   *   pinnedRoot (trusted by CertificatePinner)
   *     -> pinnedIntermediate (trusted by CertificatePinner)
   *       -> realVictim
   * ```
   *
   * The attacker compromises a CA. They take the public key from an intermediate certificate
   * signed by the compromised CA's certificate and uses it in a non-CA certificate. They ask the
   * pinned CA above to sign it for non-certificate-authority uses:
   *
   * ```