@Override
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
        ComponentUtil.register(new DataSerializer(), "dataSerializer");
    }

    private String encodeUrl(final String url) {
        try {
            return URLEncoder.encode(url, Constants.UTF_8);
        } catch (final UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            throw new FessSystemException("Unsupported encoding.", e);
        }
    }

            logger.log("--> END ${request.method} (${requestBody.contentLength()}-byte body)")
          }
        }
      }

      val startNs = System.nanoTime()
      val response: Response
      try {
        response = chain.proceed(request)
      } catch (e: Exception) {
        val tookMs = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startNs)
        logger.log(
          buildString {

     *
     * @return the default filter chain
     */
    protected FilterChain createDefaultFilterChain() {
        return query -> {
            try {
                return createQueryParser().parse(query);
            } catch (final ParseException e) {
                throw new QueryParseException(e);
            }
        };
    }

    /**

    public UserDbm asDBMeta() {
        return UserDbm.getInstance();
    }

    @Override
    protected <RESULT extends User> RESULT createEntity(Map<String, Object> source, Class<? extends RESULT> entityType) {
        try {
            final RESULT result = entityType.newInstance();
            result.setBusinessCategory(DfTypeUtil.toString(source.get("businessCategory")));
            result.setCarLicense(DfTypeUtil.toString(source.get("carLicense")));

            assertTrue("Edit path should match pattern", htmlNext.getRoutingPath().contains("_edit.jsp"));
        }
    }

    private Field getFieldIfExists(String fieldName) {
        try {
            return FessHtmlPath.class.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

 *       create a {@link SettableFuture} instead. (If your needs are more complex, you may prefer
 *       {@link AbstractFuture}.)
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p><b>Test doubles</b>: If you need a {@code ListenableFuture} for your test, try a {@link
 * SettableFuture} or one of the methods in the {@link Futures#immediateFuture Futures.immediate*}
 * family. <b>Avoid</b> creating a mock or stub {@code Future}. Mock and stub implementations are

Then we use the request directly, and extract the body as `bytes`. This means that FastAPI won't even try to parse the request payload as JSON.

And then in our code, we parse that YAML content directly, and then we are again using the same Pydantic model to validate the YAML content:

//// tab | Pydantic v2

```Python
some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem
```

But if we put that in the assignment `response_model=PlaneItem | CarItem` we would get an error, because Python would try to perform an **invalid operation** between `PlaneItem` and `CarItem` instead of interpreting that as a type annotation.

## List of models { #list-of-models }

The same way, you can declare responses of lists of objects.

 *       create a {@link SettableFuture} instead. (If your needs are more complex, you may prefer
 *       {@link AbstractFuture}.)
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p><b>Test doubles</b>: If you need a {@code ListenableFuture} for your test, try a {@link
 * SettableFuture} or one of the methods in the {@link Futures#immediateFuture Futures.immediate*}
 * family. <b>Avoid</b> creating a mock or stub {@code Future}. Mock and stub implementations are

            boolean isSpace = false;
            int alphanumSize = 0;
            int symbolSize = 0;
            int c;
            final Set<String> termCache = new HashSet<>(1000);
            try {
                while ((c = reader.read()) != -1) {
                    if (Character.isISOControl(c) || isSpaceChar(c)) {
                        if (duplicateTermRemoved) {