Para isso, você usa `app.add_middleware()` (como no exemplo para CORS).

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

app.add_middleware(UnicornMiddleware, some_config="rainbow")
```

因此，有些第三方 ASGI 中间件的文档推荐以如下方式使用中间件：

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

但 FastAPI（实际上是 Starlette）提供了一种更简单的方式，能让内部中间件在处理服务器错误的同时，还能让自定义异常处理器正常运作。

为此，要使用 `app.add_middleware()` （与 CORS 中的示例一样）。

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

Ainsi, la section :

```Python
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
```

va s'exécuter.

---

Cela ne se produira pas si vous importez ce module (fichier).

Par exemple, si vous avez un autre fichier `importer.py` qui contient :

```Python
from myapp import app

# Code supplémentaire
```

Então, a seção:

```Python
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
```

vai executar.

---

Isso não acontecerá se você importar esse módulo (arquivo).

Então, se você tiver outro arquivo `importer.py` com:

```Python
from myapp import app

# Mais um pouco de código
```

按照[直接返回响应](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中所述创建响应，并将头部作为附加参数传递：

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001.py hl[10:12] *}


/// note | 技术细节

你也可以使用`from starlette.responses import Response`或`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。

**FastAPI**提供了与`fastapi.responses`相同的`starlette.responses`，只是为了方便开发者。但是，大多数可用的响应都直接来自Starlette。

由于`Response`经常用于设置头部和cookies，因此**FastAPI**还在`fastapi.Response`中提供了它。

///

```JSON
{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."}
```

/// note | Technische Details

Sie könnten auch `from starlette.requests import Request` und `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` verwenden.

```

## Using WebIdentity API

```
export MINIO_ROOT_USER=minio
export MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=minio123
export MINIO_IDENTITY_OPENID_CONFIG_URL=https://accounts.google.com/.well-known/openid-configuration
export MINIO_IDENTITY_OPENID_CLIENT_ID="843351d4-1080-11ea-aa20-271ecba3924a"
# Optional: Allow to specify the requested OpenID scopes (OpenID only requires the `openid` scope)
#export MINIO_IDENTITY_OPENID_SCOPES="openid,profile,email"

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

media_type = "application/vnd.api+json"


# NOTE: These are not valid JSON:API resources
# but they are fine for testing requestBody with custom media_type
class Product(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float


class Shop(BaseModel):
    name: str


@app.post("/products")

             <u style="text-decoration-style:solid">from </u><u style="text-decoration-style:solid"><b>main</b></u><u style="text-decoration-style:solid"> import </u><u style="text-decoration-style:solid"><b>app</b></u>

      <span style="background-color:#007166"><font color="#D3D7CF"> app </font></span>  Using import string: <font color="#3465A4">main:app</font>

// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package bytes_test

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/base64"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"slices"
	"strconv"
	"unicode"
)

func ExampleBuffer() {
	var b bytes.Buffer // A Buffer needs no initialization.
	b.Write([]byte("Hello "))
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "world!")