from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_user_item(
    item_id: str, needy: str, skip: int = 0, limit: Union[int, None] = None
):
    item = {"item_id": item_id, "needy": needy, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}

import org.jline.builtins.ConfigurationPath;
import org.jline.console.impl.Builtins;
import org.jline.console.impl.SimpleSystemRegistryImpl;
import org.jline.console.impl.SystemRegistryImpl;
import org.jline.keymap.KeyMap;
import org.jline.reader.Binding;
import org.jline.reader.EndOfFileException;
import org.jline.reader.LineReader;
import org.jline.reader.LineReaderBuilder;
import org.jline.reader.MaskingCallback;

from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse, RedirectResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/portal")
async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response:
    if teleport:
        return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ")

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    host: str
    save_data: bool
    if_modified_since: str | None = None
    traceparent: str | None = None
    x_tag: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: CommonHeaders = Header()):

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3, max_length=50)] = None,
):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

from unittest.mock import patch

from docs_src.python_types.tutorial008_py39 import process_items


def test_process_items():
    with patch("builtins.print") as mock_print:
        process_items({"a": 1.0, "b": 2.5})

    assert mock_print.call_count == 4
    call_args = [arg.args for arg in mock_print.call_args_list]
    assert call_args == [
        ("a",),
        (1.0,),
        ("b",),
        (2.5,),

import com.google.common.collect.testing.AbstractCollectionTester;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.IteratorFeature;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.IteratorTester;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionFeature;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

You can use the `Jinja2Templates` class to render Jinja templates.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/templates/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.templating`:

```python
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
```

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(title="Query string", min_length=3)] = None,
):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.response_headers.tutorial002_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_path_operation():
    response = client.get("/headers-and-object/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World"}