assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> iia3.subArray(-1, 1));
    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> iia3.subArray(1, 4));
  }

  /*
   * Whenever an implementation uses `instanceof` on a parameter instance, the test has to know that
   * (so much for "black box") and try instances that both do and don't pass the check. The "don't"
   * half of that is more awkward to arrange...

  private final int k;
  private final Comparator<? super T> comparator;

  /*
   * We are currently considering the elements in buffer in the range [0, bufferSize) as candidates
   * for the top k elements. Whenever the buffer is filled, we quickselect the top k elements to the
   * range [0, k) and ignore the remaining elements.
   */
  private final @Nullable T[] buffer;
  private int bufferSize;

  /**

          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution

          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution

So, the function below it will be executed once for each combination of arguments. And then the values returned by each of those combinations of arguments will be used again and again whenever the function is called with exactly the same combination of arguments.

For example, if you have a function:

```Python
@lru_cache
def say_hi(name: str, salutation: str = "Ms."):

	if DisableLog {
		return
	}
	entry := logToEntry(ctx, subsystem, fmt.Sprintf(msg, args...), EventKind)
	sendLog(ctx, entry)
}

// ErrCritical is the value panic'd whenever CriticalIf is called.
var ErrCritical struct{}

// CriticalIf logs the provided error on the console. It fails the
// current go-routine by causing a `panic(ErrCritical)`.

 *       have these.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p><b>There are no plans to deprecate this class in the foreseeable future.</b> However, we do
 * gently recommend that you prefer the new, standard Java class whenever possible.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/UsingAndAvoidingNullExplained#optional">using {@code
 * Optional}</a>.
 *

    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> iia3.subArray(-1, 1));
    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> iia3.subArray(1, 4));
  }

  /*
   * Whenever an implementation uses `instanceof` on a parameter instance, the test has to know that
   * (so much for "black box") and try instances that both do and don't pass the check. The "don't"
   * half of that is more awkward to arrange...

* **function**: is the function below the "decorator" (below `@app.get("/")`).

{* ../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001_py310.py hl[7] *}

This is a Python function.

It will be called by **FastAPI** whenever it receives a request to the URL "`/`" using a `GET` operation.

In this case, it is an `async` function.

---

You could also define it as a normal function instead of `async def`:

 *       have these.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p><b>There are no plans to deprecate this class in the foreseeable future.</b> However, we do
 * gently recommend that you prefer the new, standard Java class whenever possible.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/UsingAndAvoidingNullExplained#optional">using {@code
 * Optional}</a>.
 *