*
 * <p>Users of these utilities must be <i>extremely careful</i> not to mix up signed and unsigned
 * {@code int} values. When possible, it is recommended that the {@link UnsignedInteger} wrapper
 * class be used, at a small efficiency penalty, to enforce the distinction in the type system.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/PrimitivesExplained#unsigned-support">unsigned
 * primitive utilities</a>.

 *       <i>deeply</i> immutable.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h4>Performance notes</h4>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Implementations can be generally assumed to prioritize memory efficiency, then speed of
 *       access, and lastly speed of creation.
 *   <li>The {@code copyOf} methods will sometimes recognize that the actual copy operation is

 *       <i>deeply</i> immutable.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h4>Performance notes</h4>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Implementations can be generally assumed to prioritize memory efficiency, then speed of
 *       access, and lastly speed of creation.
 *   <li>The {@code copyOf} methods will sometimes recognize that the actual copy operation is

   * modeled by "storedPermits" variable. This variable is zero when there is no underutilization,
   * and it can grow up to maxStoredPermits, for sufficiently large underutilization. So, the
   * requested permits, by an invocation acquire(permits), are served from:
   *
   * - stored permits (if available)
   *
   * - fresh permits (for any remaining permits)
   *

            // File.renameTo operation doesn't really work across file systems.
            // So we will attempt to do a File.renameTo for efficiency and atomicity, if this fails
            // then we will use a brute force copy and delete the temporary file.
            if (!temp.renameTo(destination)) {
                try {
                    Files.copy(

      super.addAll(elements);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * If the specified collection is backed by an ObjectCountHashMap, it will be much more
     * efficient to iterate over it by index rather than an entry iterator, which will need to
     * allocate an object for each entry, so we check for that.
     */

 *   <li>(1) "yes" and (2) "yes", use {@link #forTree(SuccessorsFunction)}.
 *   <li>(1) "yes" and (2) "no", you can use either, but {@code forTree()} will be more efficient.
 *   <li>(1) "no" and (2) "yes", <b><i>neither will work</i></b>, but if you transform your node
 *       objects into a non-recursive form, you can use {@code forGraph()}.
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Jens Nyman

  /**
   * Creates a new {@code ConcurrentHashMultiset} containing the specified elements, using the
   * default initial capacity, load factor, and concurrency settings.
   *
   * <p>This implementation is highly efficient when {@code elements} is itself a {@link Multiset}.
   *
   * @param elements the elements that the multiset should contain
   */
  public static <E> ConcurrentHashMultiset<E> create(Iterable<? extends E> elements) {

 *     .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
 *     .build();
 * ```
 *
 * If it is only necessary to force a cached response to be validated by the server, use the more
 * efficient `max-age=0` directive instead:
 *
 * ```java
 * Request request = new Request.Builder()
 *     .cacheControl(new CacheControl.Builder()
 *         .maxAge(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
 *         .build())

   * Reader#skip(long) skip} to the end of the stream, and return the total number of chars that
   * were skipped.
   *
   * <p>Note that for sources that implement {@link #lengthIfKnown} to provide a more efficient
   * implementation, it is <i>possible</i> that this method will return a different number of chars
   * than would be returned by reading all of the chars.
   *