single process running those previous steps *even* if afterwards, you start **multiple processes** (multiple workers) for the application itself. If those steps were run by **multiple processes**, they would **duplicate** the work by running it in **parallel**, and if the steps were something delicate like a database migration, they could cause conflicts with each other.

Of course, there are some cases where there's no problem in running the previous steps multiple times, in that case, it's...

            assertArrayEquals(hashAlgos, decodedContext.getHashAlgos());
            assertArrayEquals(salt, decodedContext.getSalt());
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle duplicate hash algorithms")
        void testDuplicateHashAlgos() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            int[] hashAlgos =

  - A `create` or `update` API request with duplicate items in a keyed list no longer wipes out managedFields. Examples include env var entries with the same name, or port entries with the same containerPort in a pod spec.

            ptList.add(Constants.PROCESS_TYPE_BOTH);
            pathMappingHelper.setPathMappingList(options.sessionId, pathMappingService.getPathMappingList(ptList));

            // duplicate host
            try {
                final DuplicateHostHelper duplicateHostHelper = ComponentUtil.getDuplicateHostHelper();
                duplicateHostHelper.init();
            } catch (final Exception e) {

  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code ImmutableRangeSet} representing the union of the specified ranges.
   *
   * <p>This is the smallest {@code RangeSet} which encloses each of the specified ranges. Duplicate
   * or connected ranges are permitted, and will be coalesced in the result.
   *
   * @since 21.0
   */
  public static <C extends Comparable<?>> ImmutableRangeSet<C> unionOf(Iterable<Range<C>> ranges) {

- kube-proxy: a configuration file specified via `--config` is now loaded with strict deserialization, which fails if the config file contains duplicate or unknown fields. This protects against accidentally running with config files that are malformed, mis-indented, or have typos in field names, and getting unexpected behavior. ([#82927](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/82927), [@ob...

   *
   * @param services The services to manage
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if not all services are {@linkplain State#NEW new} or if there
   *     are any duplicate services.
   */
  public ServiceManager(Iterable<? extends Service> services) {
    ImmutableList<Service> copy = ImmutableList.copyOf(services);
    if (copy.isEmpty()) {

 * elements.
 *
 * <p>The collections created by {@link #createCollection()} may or may not allow duplicates. If the
 * collection, such as a {@link Set}, does not support duplicates, an added key-value pair will
 * replace an existing pair with the same key and value, if such a pair is present. With collections
 * like {@link List} that allow duplicates, the collection will keep the existing key-value pairs
 * while adding a new pair.
 *

        valuesBuilder.add(requireNonNull(stream.readObject()));
      }
      ImmutableSet<Object> valueSet = valuesBuilder.build();
      if (valueSet.size() != valueCount) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Duplicate key-value pairs exist for key " + key);
      }
      builder.put(key, valueSet);
      tmpSize += valueCount;
    }

    ImmutableMap<Object, ImmutableSet<Object>> tmpMap;
    try {

        valuesBuilder.add(requireNonNull(stream.readObject()));
      }
      ImmutableSet<Object> valueSet = valuesBuilder.build();
      if (valueSet.size() != valueCount) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Duplicate key-value pairs exist for key " + key);
      }
      builder.put(key, valueSet);
      tmpSize += valueCount;
    }

    ImmutableMap<Object, ImmutableSet<Object>> tmpMap;
    try {