app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

        "detail": [
            {
                "type": "missing",
                "loc": ["header", "p_alias"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "input": IsOneOf(None, IsPartialDict({"p": "hello"})),
            }
        ]
    }


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    [
        "/required-alias",
        "/model-required-alias",
    ],
)

            request.setTrace(RequestTrace.newChild(trace.trace(), depRequest));

            node = repoSystem.collectDependencies(pluginSession, request).getRoot();

            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                node.accept(new DependencyGraphDumper(logger::debug));
            }

            depRequest.setRoot(node);
            return repoSystem.resolveDependencies(session, depRequest);

import org.apache.maven.api.Dependency;
import org.apache.maven.api.DependencyCoordinates;
import org.apache.maven.api.DownloadedArtifact;
import org.apache.maven.api.JavaPathType;
import org.apache.maven.api.Node;
import org.apache.maven.api.PathScope;
import org.apache.maven.api.PathType;
import org.apache.maven.api.Project;
import org.apache.maven.api.Session;
import org.apache.maven.api.services.DependencyResolver;

            if (!tag.equals("inheritDoc")) {
                return false;
            }
            for (Node node : source.getCommentText()) {
                nodeStack.appendChild(node);
            }
            return true;
        }
    }

    private interface CommentSource {
        Iterable<? extends Node> getCommentText();
    }

    private static class NoOpCommentSource implements CommentSource {

## Optionale Parameter { #optional-parameters }

Auf die gleiche Weise können Sie optionale Query-Parameter deklarieren, indem Sie deren Defaultwert auf `None` setzen:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

In diesem Fall wird der Funktionsparameter `q` optional und standardmäßig `None` sein.

/// check | Testen

class FooBaseModel(BaseModel):
    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")


class Foo(FooBaseModel):
    pass


app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/")
async def post(
    foo: Union[Foo, None] = None,
):
    return foo


client = TestClient(app)


def test_call_invalid():
    response = client.post("/", json={"foo": {"bar": "baz"}})
    assert response.status_code == 422

Аналогично, вы можете объявлять необязательные query-параметры, установив их значение по умолчанию, равное `None`:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

В этом случае, параметр  `q` будет не обязательным и будет иметь значение `None` по умолчанию.

/// check | Важно

     * Gets the installation settings source.
     *
     * @return the installation settings source or {@code null} if none
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Source> getInstallationSettingsSource();

    /**
     * Gets the project settings source.
     *
     * @return the project settings source or {@code null} if none
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Source> getProjectSettingsSource();

    /**

    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/items", 200, {"q": None, "skip": 0, "limit": 100}),
        ("/items?q=foo", 200, {"q": "foo", "skip": 0, "limit": 100}),
        ("/items?q=foo&skip=5", 200, {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 100}),
        ("/items?q=foo&skip=5&limit=30", 200, {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 30}),
        ("/users", 200, {"q": None, "skip": 0, "limit": 100}),
    ],
)