.addEqualityGroup(isNull)
        .addEqualityGroup(Equivalence.identity().equivalentTo("1"))
        .testEquals();
  }

  /*
   * We use large numbers to avoid the integer cache. Normally, we'd accomplish that merely by using
   * `new Integer` (as we do) instead of `Integer.valueOf`. However, under J2KT, `new Integer`

  // audiences of the token, and otherwise should reject the token. A
  // token issued for multiple audiences may be used to authenticate
  // against any of the audiences listed but implies a high degree of
  // trust between the target audiences.
  repeated string audiences = 1;

  // ExpirationSeconds is the requested duration of validity of the request. The
  // token issuer may return a token with a different validity duration so a

          return new IteratorWithSunJavaBug6529795<>(iterator);
        }
      }.test();
    } catch (AssertionError e) {
      return;
    }
    fail("Should have caught jdk6 bug in target iterator");
  }

  private static final int STEPS = 3;

  static class TesterThatCountsCalls extends IteratorTester<Integer> {
    TesterThatCountsCalls() {

</div>

**強烈建議**你編寫或複製程式碼、進行修改並在本地端運行。

在編輯器中使用它，才能真正體會到 FastAPI 的好處，可以看到你只需編寫少量程式碼，以及所有的型別檢查、自動補齊等功能。

---

## 安裝 FastAPI

第一步是安裝 FastAPI。

確保你建立一個[虛擬環境](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}，啟用它，然後**安裝 FastAPI**：

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install "fastapi[standard]"

---> 100%
```

</div>

/// note

Utilize uma dependência para verificar se o usuário e a senha estão corretos.

Para isso, utilize o módulo padrão do Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> para verificar o usuário e senha.

しかし、高度なシナリオのために必要な場合には、カスタムヘッダーを追加することができます:

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!}
```

## カスタム例外ハンドラのインストール

カスタム例外ハンドラは<a href="https://www.starlette.io/exceptions/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starletteと同じ例外ユーティリティ</a>を使用して追加することができます。

あなた（または使用しているライブラリ）が`raise`するかもしれないカスタム例外`UnicornException`があるとしましょう。

そして、この例外をFastAPIでグローバルに処理したいと思います。

カスタム例外ハンドラを`@app.exception_handler()`で追加することができます:

///

## Visão global

Primeiro, vamos olhar rapidamente as partes que mudam dos exemplos do **Tutorial - Guia de Usuário** para [OAuth2 com Senha (e hash), Bearer com tokens JWT](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. Agora utilizando escopos OAuth2:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="5  9  13  47  65  106  108-116  122-125  129-135  140  156"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
```

////

field, [`Policies`](/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate.Policies), which supports
certificate policy OIDs with components larger than 31 bits. By default this
field is only used during parsing, when it is populated with policy OIDs, but
not used during marshaling. It can be used to marshal these larger OIDs, instead
of the existing PolicyIdentifiers field, by using the
[`x509usepolicies` setting.](/pkg/crypto/x509/#CreateCertificate).

      if (digit == -1) {
        throw new NumberFormatException(string);
      }
      if (pos > maxSafePos && ParseOverflowDetection.overflowInParse(value, digit, radix)) {
        throw new NumberFormatException("Too large for unsigned long: " + string);
      }
      value = (value * radix) + digit;
    }

    return value;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the unsigned {@code long} value represented by the given string.

				t.Errorf("Case %d: test failed: %d %d %d %d %d", i, o, l, skip, sn, ps)
			}
		}

		// Skip 1Mib and read 1Mib (in the decrypted object)
		//
		// The check below ensures the object is large enough
		// for the read.
		if lsum(test.decSizes) >= 2*humanize.MiByte {
			skipLen, readLen := int64(1)*humanize.MiByte, int64(1)*humanize.MiByte