```

ここで、クエリパラメータ `needy` は `str` 型の必須のクエリパラメータです

以下のURLをブラウザで開くと:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

...必須のパラメータ `needy` を加えなかったので、以下の様なエラーが表示されます:

```JSON
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "loc": [
                "query",
                "needy"
            ],
            "msg": "field required",
            "type": "value_error.missing"

```

////

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="18"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!}
```

////

👉 🔜 ⛓ 👈 **FastAPI** 🔜 ⌛ 💪 🎏:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "The pretender",
    "price": 42.0,
    "tax": 3.2,
    "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"],
    "image": {
        "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg",

// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package cmd

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/binary"
	"encoding/json"
	"encoding/xml"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"path"
	"time"

	"github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3"
	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7/pkg/tags"
	bucketsse "github.com/minio/minio/internal/bucket/encryption"

아래와 같은 URL을 사용합니다:

```
http://localhost:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar
```

여러 `q` *쿼리 매개변수* 값들을 (`foo` 및 `bar`) 파이썬 `list`로 *경로 작동 함수* 내 *함수 매개변수* `q`로 전달 받습니다.

따라서 해당 URL에 대한 응답은 다음과 같습니다:

```JSON
{
  "q": [
    "foo",
    "bar"
  ]
}
```

/// tip | "팁"

위의 예와 같이 `list` 자료형으로 쿼리 매개변수를 선언하려면 `Query`를 명시적으로 사용해야 합니다. 그렇지 않으면 요청 본문으로 해석됩니다.

///

// CertificateSigningRequestSpec contains the certificate request.
message CertificateSigningRequestSpec {
  // request contains an x509 certificate signing request encoded in a "CERTIFICATE REQUEST" PEM block.
  // When serialized as JSON or YAML, the data is additionally base64-encoded.
  // +listType=atomic
  optional bytes request = 1;

  // signerName indicates the requested signer, and is a qualified name.
  //

    val groovyDateUtil = "$groovyGroup:groovy-dateutil"
    val groovyDatetime = "$groovyGroup:groovy-datetime"
    val groovyDoc = "$groovyGroup:groovy-groovydoc"
    val groovyJson = "$groovyGroup:groovy-json"
    val groovyNio = "$groovyGroup:groovy-nio"
    val groovySql = "$groovyGroup:groovy-sql"
    val groovyTemplates = "$groovyGroup:groovy-templates"
    val groovyTest = "$groovyGroup:groovy-test"

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.codelibs.fess.it.CrudTestBase;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;

import io.restassured.path.json.JsonPath;

public abstract class DictCrudTestBase extends CrudTestBase {
    protected String dictId;

    abstract protected String getDictType();

    private static final String LIST_ENDPOINT_SUFFIX = "settings";

Sie wird nicht mit einem Modell usw. serialisiert.

Stellen Sie sicher, dass sie die gewünschten Daten enthält und dass die Werte gültiges JSON sind (wenn Sie `JSONResponse` verwenden).

///

/// note | "Technische Details"

Sie können auch `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` verwenden.

* `username`: `Rick`
* `password`: `Portal Gun`
* `extra`: `Mr. Poopybutthole`

They will receive an error response telling them that the field `extra` is not allowed:

```json
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",
            "loc": ["body", "extra"],
            "msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
            "input": "Mr. Poopybutthole"

Quando você retorna um `Response` diretamente, como no exemplo acima, ele será retornado diretamente.

Ele não será serializado com um modelo, etc.

Garanta que ele tenha toda informação que você deseja, e que os valores sejam um JSON válido (caso você esteja usando `JSONResponse`).

///

/// note | "Detalhes técnicos"

Você também pode utilizar `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.