TreeRangeSet<C> result = create();
    result.addAll(rangeSet);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@code TreeRangeSet} representing the union of the specified ranges.
   *
   * <p>This is the smallest {@code RangeSet} which encloses each of the specified ranges. An
   * element will be contained in this {@code RangeSet} if and only if it is contained in at least

      assertThat(removalNotifications.get("b" + i)).isEqualTo("b" + i);
    }

    // Each of the values added to the map should either still be there, or have seen a removal
    // notification.
    assertThat(Sets.union(cache.asMap().keySet(), removalNotifications.keySet()))
        .isEqualTo(expectedKeys);
    assertThat(cache.asMap().keySet()).containsNoneIn(removalNotifications.keySet());
    threadPool.shutdown();

  // Element-level accessors
  //

  /**
   * Returns a live view of the edges whose {@link #incidentNodes(Object) incident nodes} in this
   * network include {@code node}.
   *
   * <p>This is equal to the union of {@link #inEdges(Object)} and {@link #outEdges(Object)}.
   *
   * <p>If {@code node} is removed from the network after this method is called, the {@code Set}

      assertThat(removalNotifications.get("b" + i)).isEqualTo("b" + i);
    }

    // Each of the values added to the map should either still be there, or have seen a removal
    // notification.
    assertThat(Sets.union(cache.asMap().keySet(), removalNotifications.keySet()))
        .isEqualTo(expectedKeys);
    assertThat(cache.asMap().keySet()).containsNoneIn(removalNotifications.keySet());
    threadPool.shutdown();

	jt := JoinTable{UserID: 1, FriendID: 2}
	err := DB.Create(&jt).Error
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("No error should happen when create a record without a GORM primary key. But in the database this primary key exists and is the union of 2 or more fields\n But got: %s", err)
	}
}

func TestSelectWithCreate(t *testing.T) {

        when(mockNdrBuffer.dec_ndr_long()).thenReturn(1, 123); // _infop, retval
        when(mockNdrBuffer.dec_ndr_short()).thenReturn((int) (short) 0); // union discriminant

        queryInfoPolicy.decode_out(mockNdrBuffer);

        verify(mockInfo).decode(mockNdrBuffer);
        assertEquals(123, queryInfoPolicy.retval);
    }

    @Test

	if wantFormat := h.Format; wantFormat != FormatUnknown {
		if wantFormat.has(FormatPAX) && !preferPAX {
			wantFormat.mayBe(FormatUSTAR) // PAX implies USTAR allowed too
		}
		format.mayOnlyBe(wantFormat) // Set union of formats allowed and format wanted
	}
	if format == FormatUnknown {
		switch h.Format {
		case FormatUSTAR:
			err = headerError{"Format specifies USTAR", whyNoUSTAR, whyOnlyPAX, whyOnlyGNU}
		case FormatPAX:

     */
    static int maxSize(Set<?> set) {
      return set instanceof SetView ? ((SetView<?>) set).maxSize() : set.size();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns an unmodifiable <b>view</b> of the union of two sets. The returned set contains all
   * elements that are contained in either backing set. Iterating over the returned set iterates

conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License. "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management...

## 回應模型編碼參數 { #response-model-encoding-parameters }

你的回應模型可能有預設值，例如：

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None`（或在 Python 3.10 中的 `str | None = None`）預設為 `None`。
* `tax: float = 10.5` 預設為 `10.5`。
* `tags: List[str] = []` 預設為空的 list：`[]`。

但如果這些值其實沒有被儲存，你可能想要在結果中省略它們。