This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server
    errors in your code.

    Read more about it in the
    [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/).

    ## Example

    ```python
    from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException

    app = FastAPI()

    items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}

client = TestClient(app)


def test_redirect_response_class():
    response = client.get("/fastapi", follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 307
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

    {
        "name": "items",
        "description": "Manage items. So _fancy_ they have their own docs.",
        "externalDocs": {
            "description": "Items external docs",
            "url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/",
        },
    },
]

app = FastAPI(openapi_tags=tags_metadata)


@app.get("/users/", tags=["users"])
async def get_users():
    return [{"name": "Harry"}, {"name": "Ron"}]

* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack</a>
* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase</a>

## Источник

Источник - это совокупность протокола (`http`, `https`), домена (`myapp.com`, `localhost`, `localhost.tiangolo.com`) и порта (`80`, `443`, `8080`).

Поэтому это три разных источника:

* `http://localhost`
* `https://localhost`
* `http://localhost:8080`

    再一次，可以把 `dataclasses` 与标准类型注解一起使用；

8. 注意，*路径操作函数*使用的是普通函数，不是异步函数；

    与往常一样，在 FastAPI 中，可以按需组合普通函数与异步函数；

    如果不清楚何时使用异步函数或普通函数，请参阅**急不可待？**一节中对 <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank" class="internal-link">`async` 与 `await`</a> 的说明；

9. *路径操作函数*返回的不是数据类（虽然它可以返回数据类），而是返回内含数据的字典列表；

    FastAPI 使用（包含数据类的） `response_model` 参数转换响应。

# Middleware

There are several middlewares available provided by Starlette directly.

Read more about them in the [FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/middleware/).

::: fastapi.middleware.cors.CORSMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

Zobaczysz automatyczną i interaktywną dokumentację API (dostarczoną przez <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):

![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)

### Alternatywna dokumentacja API

Teraz przejdź do <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.

class HTTPBasicCredentials(BaseModel):
    """
    The HTTP Basic credentials given as the result of using `HTTPBasic` in a
    dependency.

    Read more about it in the
    [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/).
    """

    username: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic username.")]
    password: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic password.")]

しかし今、あなたが再びその関数を作成している最中に、型ヒントを使っていると想像してみて下さい。

同じタイミングで`Ctrl+Space`で自動補完を実行すると、以下のようになります:

<img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/python-types/image02.png">

これであれば、あなたは「ベルを鳴らす」一つを見つけるまで、オプションを見て、スクロールすることができます:

<img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/python-types/image03.png">

## より強い動機

この関数を見てください。すでに型ヒントを持っています:

```Python hl_lines="1"