///

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.requests import Request`.

**FastAPI** provides it as a convenience for you, the developer. But it comes directly from Starlette.

///

This allows you to use `pytest` directly without complications.

///

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.testclient` as `fastapi.testclient` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But it comes directly from Starlette.

///

/// tip

///

/// note | Технічні деталі

Ви також можете використовувати `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

**FastAPI** надає той самий `starlette.testclient` під назвою `fastapi.testclient` для зручності розробників, але він безпосередньо походить із Starlette.

///

/// tip | Порада

///

/// note | Detalhes Técnicos

Você também pode usar `from starlette.requests import Request`.

**FastAPI** fornece isso como uma conveniência para você, o desenvolvedor. Mas vem diretamente da Starlette.

///

///

## Mehr Informationen { #more-info }

Weitere Informationen zu Optionen finden Sie in der Dokumentation von Starlette:

* <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/websockets/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Die `WebSocket`-Klasse</a>.

///

## その他のドキュメント

オプションの詳細については、Starletteのドキュメントを確認してください。

* <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/websockets/" class="external-link" target="_blank"> `WebSocket` クラス</a>

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py39.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


Sie können mehr Details unter [„Lifespan in Tests ausführen in der offiziellen Starlette-Dokumentation.“](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests) nachlesen.

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py39.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}

Você pode ler mais detalhes sobre o ["Executando lifespan em testes no site oficial da documentação do Starlette."](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)

Para os eventos `startup` e `shutdown` descontinuados, você pode usar o `TestClient` da seguinte forma:

注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。

还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。

这让你可以直接使用 `pytest` 而不会遇到麻烦。

///

/// note | 技术细节

你也可以用 `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`。

**FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.testclient` 一样的 `fastapi.testclient`，只是为了方便开发者。但它直接来自Starlette。

///

/// tip | 提示

# WebSockets

When defining WebSockets, you normally declare a parameter of type `WebSocket` and with it you can read data from the client and send data to it.

It is provided directly by Starlette, but you can import it from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import WebSocket
```

/// tip