import com.google.common.base.TestExceptions.SomeUncheckedException;
import com.google.common.base.TestExceptions.YetAnotherCheckedException;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester;
import java.util.List;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link Throwables}.
 *

Remember I told you before that `Annotated` can be used to add metadata to your parameters in the [Python Types Intro](../python-types.md#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations){.internal-link target=_blank}?

Now it's the time to use it with FastAPI. 🚀

We had this type annotation:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

# Einführung in Python-Typen

Python hat Unterstützung für optionale „Typhinweise“ (Englisch: „Type Hints“). Auch „Typ Annotationen“ genannt.

Diese **„Typhinweise“** oder -Annotationen sind eine spezielle Syntax, die es erlaubt, den <abbr title="Zum Beispiel: str, int, float, bool">Typ</abbr> einer Variablen zu deklarieren.

Durch das Deklarieren von Typen für Ihre Variablen können Editoren und Tools bessere Unterstützung bieten.

    Interner<Integer> pool = Interners.newWeakInterner();
    assertSame(canonical, pool.intern(canonical));

    WeakReference<Integer> signal = new WeakReference<>(canonical);
    canonical = null; // Hint to the JIT that canonical is unreachable

    GcFinalization.awaitClear(signal);
    assertSame(not, pool.intern(not));
  }

  public void testAsFunction_simplistic() {
    String canonical = "a";

 *   <li>{@link Bytes}
 *       <ul>
 *         <li>{@link SignedBytes}
 *         <li>{@link UnsignedBytes}
 *       </ul>
 *   <li>{@link Chars}
 *   <li>{@link Doubles}
 *   <li>{@link Floats}
 *   <li>{@link Ints}
 *       <ul>
 *         <li>{@link UnsignedInts}
 *       </ul>
 *   <li>{@link Longs}
 *       <ul>
 *         <li>{@link UnsignedLongs}
 *       </ul>
 *   <li>{@link Shorts}
 * </ul>
 *

        int reserved = SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, 4);
        assertEquals(0, reserved);
    }

    @DisplayName("Test writeParametersWireFormat with different FIDs")
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 0xFFFF, 0x8000, 0x7FFF })
    void testWriteParametersWireFormatWithDifferentFids(int fid) {
        when(mockFileInfo.getFileInformationLevel()).thenReturn((byte) FileInformation.FILE_BASIC_INFO);

import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

 *       #toString} behavior you expect.
 *   <li>Offers useful operations beyond just {@code get} and {@code length}, so you don't have to
 *       hunt through classes like {@link Arrays} and {@link Ints} for them.
 *   <li>Supports a copy-free {@link #subArray} view, so methods that accept this type don't need to
 *       add overloads that accept start and end indexes.

            // Then
            assertEquals(HEADER_SIZE + CHUNK_SIZE, size);
        }

        @ParameterizedTest
        @DisplayName("Should return correct size with multiple chunks")
        @ValueSource(ints = { 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 100 })
        void testSizeWithMultipleChunks(int chunkCount) {
            // Given
            byte[] sourceKey = new byte[SOURCE_KEY_SIZE];

        assertEquals(0x1F01FF, response.getMaximalAccess());
    }

    @DisplayName("Should throw exception for invalid structure size")
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 17, 32, 64, 65535 })
    void testReadBytesWireFormatInvalidStructureSize(int structureSize) {
        // Given
        byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
        int offset = 0;