class EncodingTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("encode should validate size calculation")
        void testEncodeValidSize() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            testRequest.setTestSize(64);
            testRequest.setTestLength(64);

            int result = testRequest.encode(buffer, 0);

            assertEquals(64, result);
        }

        @Test

        byte[] buffer = new byte[22];
        int idFileSystem = 0x12345678;
        int sectPerAlloc = 8;
        long alloc = 1000000L;
        long free = 500000L;
        int bytesPerSect = 512;

        // Encode test data
        int offset = 0;
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(idFileSystem, buffer, offset); // idFileSystem (skipped)
        offset += 4;
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(sectPerAlloc, buffer, offset);
        offset += 4;

        this.fileName = new String(nameBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_16LE);
        return bufferIndex - start;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see jcifs.Encodable#encode(byte[], int)
     */
    @Override
    public int encode(final byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        final int start = dstIndex;
        dst[dstIndex] = (byte) (this.replaceIfExists ? 1 : 0);
        dstIndex += 8; // 7 Reserved

    /**
     * Gets the total length of this message.
     *
     * @return the length
     */
    public final int getLength() {
        return this.length;
    }

    @Override
    public int encode(final byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        final int start = this.headerStart = dstIndex;
        dstIndex += writeHeaderWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);

        this.byteCount = writeBytesWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test encode and decode operations")
    void testEncodeDecodeOperations() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

        // Initialize transaction buffer to avoid NPE
        transaction.setBuffer(new byte[SmbComTransaction.TRANSACTION_BUF_SIZE]);

        // Test encode
        int encodeLength = transaction.encode(buffer, 0);
        assertTrue(encodeLength > 0);

     *
     * @param ts the timestamp value in Windows FILETIME format
     */
    public AvTimestamp(final long ts) {
        this(encode(ts));
    }

    /**
     * @param ts
     * @return
     */
    private static byte[] encode(final long ts) {
        final byte[] data = new byte[8];
        SMBUtil.writeInt8(ts, data, 0);
        return data;
    }

    /**

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test encode without andx command")
    void testEncodeWithoutAndx() {
        testBlock = new TestAndXServerMessageBlock(mockConfig, (byte) 0x25);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

        int length = testBlock.encode(buffer, 0);

        assertTrue(length > 0);

        assertEquals(expectedDecodeLength, response.decode(buffer, bufferIndex));

        // Test encode method
        byte[] dst = new byte[512];
        int dstIndex = 0;
        int expectedEncodeLength = 64;
        when(response.encode(dst, dstIndex)).thenReturn(expectedEncodeLength);
        assertEquals(expectedEncodeLength, response.encode(dst, dstIndex));

        // Test digest methods

        this.securityMode = securityMode;
        this.dialects = dialects;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see jcifs.Encodable#encode(byte[], int)
     */
    @Override
    public int encode(final byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        final int start = dstIndex;

        SMBUtil.writeInt4(this.capabilities, dst, dstIndex);
        dstIndex += 4;

    /**
     * Get the operation number for this DCERPC message.
     * @return the operation number
     */
    public abstract int getOpnum();

    /**
     * Encode the input parameters for this DCERPC message.
     * @param buf the buffer to encode into
     * @throws NdrException if encoding fails
     */
    public abstract void encode_in(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

    /**