- [alpha] Access Review APIs expose authorization engine to external inquiries for delegation, inspection, and debugging ([docs](http://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/)) ([kubernetes/features#37](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/37))
- **Cluster Lifecycle**

- `kubectl` now contains a `kubectl alpha debug` command. This command allows attaching an ephemeral container to a running pod for the purposes of debugging. ([#88004](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/88004), [@verb](https://github.com/verb)) [SIG CLI]

* The `--insecure-allow-any-token` flag has been removed from the API server. Users of the flag should use impersonation headers instead for debugging. ([#49045](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/49045), [@ericchiang](https://github.com/ericchiang))

    *   CRI now supports debugging via a verbose option for status functions. ([#53965](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/53965), [@Random-Liu](https://github.com/Random-Liu))

- When specifying an invalid value for a label, it was not always clear which label the value was specified for. Starting with this release, the label's key is included in such error messages, which makes debugging easier. ([#77144](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/77144), [@kenegozi](https://github.com/kenegozi))

- Show a warning message to inform users that the debug container's capabilities granted by debugging profile may not work as expected if a non-root user is specified in target Pod's `.Spec.SecurityContext.RunAsUser` field. ([#127696](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/127696), [@mochizuki875](https://github.com/mochizuki875)) [SIG CLI...

- Added a detailed event for in-place pod vertical scaling completed, improving cluster management and debugging. ([#130387](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/130387), [@shiya0705](https://github.com/shiya0705)) [SIG API Machinery, Apps, Autoscaling, Node, Scheduling and Testing]

            CIFSContext result = baseContext.withCredentials(auth);

            // Add a unique identifier to help with debugging
            log.debug("Created fresh context for test isolation: {}", System.currentTimeMillis());
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {

- Added an example for kubectl delete with the --interactive flag. ([#127512](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/127512), [@bergerhoffer](https://github.com/bergerhoffer)) [SIG CLI]
- Added: Log Line for Debugging possible merge errors for kubelet related Config requests. ([#124389](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/124389), [@holgerson97](https://github.com/holgerson97))

- Exposed the `apiserver_watch_cache_resource_version` metric to simplify debugging problems with watchcache. ([#125377](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/125377), [@wojtek-t](https://github.com/wojtek-t)) [SIG API Machinery and Instrumentation]