}

    public void test_constructor_withSpecialCharactersInMessage() {
        // Test constructor with special characters in message
        String message = "Error with special chars: \n\t\r\"'<>&";
        SearchEngineClientException exception = new SearchEngineClientException(message);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());

import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

@NullUnmarked
public class CharEscaperBuilderTest extends TestCase {

  public void testAddEscapes() {
    char[] cs = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
    CharEscaperBuilder builder = new CharEscaperBuilder().addEscapes(cs, "Z");
    Escaper escaper = builder.toEscaper();
    assertThat(escaper.escape("abcdef")).isEqualTo("ZZZdef");
  }

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("abc");
    List<Character> chars = charactersOf(builder);
    assertEquals(asList('a', 'b', 'c'), chars);
    builder.append("def");
    assertEquals(asList('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), chars);
    builder.deleteCharAt(5);
    assertEquals(asList('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'), chars);
  }

  public void testNewArrayListEmpty() {

    String CRAWLER_DOCUMENT_SPACE_CHARS = "crawler.document.space.chars";

    /** The key of the configuration. e.g. u002eu06d4u2e3cu3002 */
    String CRAWLER_DOCUMENT_FULLSTOP_CHARS = "crawler.document.fullstop.chars";

    /** The key of the configuration. e.g. UTF-8 */
    String CRAWLER_CRAWLING_DATA_ENCODING = "crawler.crawling.data.encoding";

   */
  private static char[] growBuffer(char[] dest, int index, int size) {
    if (size < 0) { // overflow - should be OutOfMemoryError but GWT/j2cl don't support it
      throw new AssertionError("Cannot increase internal buffer any further");
    }
    char[] copy = new char[size];
    if (index > 0) {
      System.arraycopy(dest, 0, copy, 0, index);
    }

   */
  private static char[] growBuffer(char[] dest, int index, int size) {
    if (size < 0) { // overflow - should be OutOfMemoryError but GWT/j2cl don't support it
      throw new AssertionError("Cannot increase internal buffer any further");
    }
    char[] copy = new char[size];
    if (index > 0) {
      System.arraycopy(dest, 0, copy, 0, index);
    }

crawler.document.duplicate.term.removed=false
# Unicode space characters for document parsing.
crawler.document.space.chars=u0009u000Au000Bu000Cu000Du001Cu001Du001Eu001Fu0020u00A0u1680u180Eu2000u2001u2002u2003u2004u2005u2006u2007u2008u2009u200Au200Bu200Cu202Fu205Fu3000uFEFFuFFFDu00B6
# Unicode full stop characters for document parsing.
crawler.document.fullstop.chars=u002eu06d4u2e3cu3002
# Encoding for crawling data.
crawler.crawling.data.encoding=UTF-8

        // Test various complex field names
        String[] fieldNames = { "simple_field", "field-with-dashes", "field.with.dots", "field_with_underscores", "fieldWithCamelCase",
                "field with spaces", "field@with#special!chars", "フィールド名", "字段名称", "필드명" };

        for (String fieldName : fieldNames) {
            String encoded = BaseEncoding.base64().encode(fieldName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

    sb.ensureCapacity(size);
    for (int k = 0; k < size; k++) {
      // [9-127) includes all ascii non-control characters
      sb.append((char) (random.nextInt(127 - 9) + 9));
    }
    data = sb.toString();
  }

  @Benchmark
  public long timeCopy(int reps) throws IOException {
    long r = 0;
    String localData = data;

    }

    public void test_specialCharactersInMessage() {
        // Test with special characters in message
        String message = "LDAP error: \n\t\r Special chars: @#$%^&*(){}[]|\\:;\"'<>,.?/~`";
        LdapOperationException exception = new LdapOperationException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
    }

    public void test_unicodeMessage() {