assertTrue(exception1.getCause() instanceof java.io.IOException);

        StorageException exception2 = new StorageException("NPE", new NullPointerException("Null reference"));
        assertTrue(exception2.getCause() instanceof NullPointerException);

        StorageException exception3 = new StorageException("Custom", new FessSystemException("System error"));

    Map<Class<? extends Number>, Number> nullKey = singletonMap(null, (Number) 1.0);
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> ImmutableClassToInstanceMap.copyOf(nullKey));

    Map<? extends Class<? extends Number>, Number> nullValue = singletonMap(Number.class, null);
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> ImmutableClassToInstanceMap.copyOf(nullValue));
  }

  public void testCopyOf_imap_empty() {

    expectContents(createArrayWithNullKey());
  }

  @MapFeature.Require(absent = ALLOWS_NULL_KEYS)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)
  public void testCreateWithNullKeyUnsupported() {
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> initMapWithNullKey());
  }

  @MapFeature.Require(ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)
  public void testCreateWithNullValueSupported() {
    initMapWithNullValue();

    this.type = type;
    this.allowNulls = allowNulls;

    if (!allowNulls) {
      for (Object element : contents) {
        if (element == null) {
          throw new NullPointerException();
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public int size() {
    return contents.length;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean contains(@Nullable Object object) {
    if (!allowNulls) {

    assertThat(Strings.padStart("x", -1, '-')).isSameInstanceAs("x");
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("nullness") // test of a bogus call
  public void testPadStart_null() {
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> Strings.padStart(null, 5, '0'));
  }

  public void testPadEnd_noPadding() {
    assertThat(Strings.padEnd("", 0, '-')).isSameInstanceAs("");

   * input element is mapped to one cell in the returned table, with the rows, columns, and values
   * generated by applying the specified functions.
   *
   * <p>The returned {@code Collector} will throw a {@code NullPointerException} at collection time
   * if the row, column, or value functions return null on any input.
   *
   * @since 21.0
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object, R, C, V>

            DcerpcBind bindWithNullBinding = new DcerpcBind(null, mockHandle);

            // When/Then
            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
                bindWithNullBinding.encode_in(mockBuffer);
            }, "Should throw NullPointerException when binding is null");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("encode_in should use default constructor values")

          .put(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e -> e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException)
          .put(NoSuchElementException.class, e -> e instanceof NoSuchElementException)
          .put(NullPointerException.class, e -> e instanceof NullPointerException)
          .put(NumberFormatException.class, e -> e instanceof NumberFormatException)
          .put(RuntimeException.class, e -> e instanceof RuntimeException)

          .put(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e -> e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException)
          .put(NoSuchElementException.class, e -> e instanceof NoSuchElementException)
          .put(NullPointerException.class, e -> e instanceof NullPointerException)
          .put(NumberFormatException.class, e -> e instanceof NumberFormatException)
          .put(RuntimeException.class, e -> e instanceof RuntimeException)

     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test constructor throws NullPointerException with null configuration")
    public void testConstructorWithNullConfig() {
        // When & Then - should throw NullPointerException since ServerMessageBlock calls config.getPid()
        NullPointerException exception = assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
            smbComTreeDisconnect = new SmbComTreeDisconnect(null);
        });