/// tip

Pydantic 是 FastAPI 中所有数据验证和序列化的核心，当你在没有设默认值的情况下使用 `Optional` 或 `Union[Something, None]` 时，它具有特殊行为，你可以在 Pydantic 文档中阅读有关<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">必需可选字段</a>的更多信息。

///

## 查询参数列表 / 多个值

当你使用 `Query` 显式地定义查询参数时，你还可以声明它去接收一组值，或换句话来说，接收多个值。

例如，要声明一个可在 URL 中出现多次的查询参数 `q`，你可以这样写：

      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions

     * <li><code>(,1.0],[1.2,)</code> Versions up to 1.0 (included) and 1.2 or higher</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param spec string representation of a version or version range
     * @return a new {@link VersionRange} object that represents the spec
     * @throws InvalidVersionSpecificationException if invalid version specification
     */

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

/**
 * Unit tests for the {@link StrategyOrchestrator} class.
 * Tests strategy execution coordination and result aggregation.
 */
@DisplayName("StrategyOrchestrator")
class StrategyOrchestratorTest {

    private StrategyOrchestrator orchestrator;

Sehen wir uns zunächst kurz die Teile an, die sich gegenüber den Beispielen im Haupt-**Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch** für [OAuth2 mit Password (und Hashing), Bearer mit JWT-Tokens](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ändern. Diesmal verwenden wir OAuth2-Scopes:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[5,9,13,47,65,106,108:116,122:126,130:136,141,157] *}

Sehen wir uns diese Änderungen nun Schritt für Schritt an.

    disabled = user_dict["disabled"],
    hashed_password = user_dict["hashed_password"],
)
```

/// info | 정보

`**user_dict`에 대한 자세한 설명은 [**추가 모델** 문서](../extra-models.md#about-user_indict){.internal-link target=_blank}를 다시 읽어봅시다.

///

## 토큰 반환하기

`token` 엔드포인트의 응답은 JSON 객체여야 합니다.

`token_type`이 있어야 합니다. 여기서는 "Bearer" 토큰을 사용하므로 토큰 유형은 "`bearer`"여야 합니다.

Verwenden Sie eine Abhängigkeit, um zu überprüfen, ob Benutzername und Passwort korrekt sind.

Verwenden Sie dazu das Python-Standardmodul <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a>, um den Benutzernamen und das Passwort zu überprüfen.

These modes accept only 1, 2, 4, and 8 as scale factors.
</li>

</ul>

<p>
When using the compiler and assembler's
<code>-dynlink</code> or <code>-shared</code> modes,
any load or store of a fixed memory location such as a global variable
must be assumed to overwrite <code>CX</code>.
Therefore, to be safe for use with these modes,

code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:

   a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the

위 예시에서는 3가지 쿼리 매개변수가 있습니다:

* `needy`, 필수적인 `str`.
* `skip`, 기본값이 `0`인 `int`.
* `limit`, 선택적인 `int`.

/// tip | 팁

[경로 매개변수](path-params.md#_8){.internal-link target=_blank}와 마찬가지로 `Enum`을 사용할 수 있습니다.