| Parameter | Type | Description |
|------------|------|-------------|
| `title` | `str` | The title of the API. |
| `summary` | `str` | A short summary of the API. <small>Available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0.</small> |
| `description` | `str` | A short description of the API. It can use Markdown. |

app = FastAPI()


class SubModel(BaseModel):
    a: str | None = "foo"


class Model(BaseModel):
    x: int | None = None
    sub: SubModel


class ModelSubclass(Model):
    y: int
    z: int = 0
    w: int | None = None


class ModelDefaults(BaseModel):
    w: str | None = None
    x: str | None = None
    y: str = "y"
    z: str = "z"

    SpliteratorTester.of(
            () ->
                CollectSpliterators.flatMap(
                    Arrays.spliterator(new String[] {"abc", "", "de", "f", "g", ""}),
                    (String str) -> str.isEmpty() ? null : charactersOf(str).spliterator(),
                    Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.DISTINCT | Spliterator.NONNULL,
                    7))
        .expect('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g');
  }

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User):

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item:
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Image(BaseModel):
    url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    images: list[Image] | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(

你可以設定下列欄位，這些欄位會用在 OpenAPI 規格與自動產生的 API 文件介面中：

| 參數 | 型別 | 說明 |
|------------|------|-------------|
| `title` | `str` | API 的標題。 |
| `summary` | `str` | API 的簡短摘要。<small>自 OpenAPI 3.1.0、FastAPI 0.99.0 起可用。</small> |
| `description` | `str` | API 的簡短說明。可使用 Markdown。 |
| `version` | `string` | API 的版本號。這是你自己的應用程式版本，不是 OpenAPI 的版本，例如 `2.5.0`。 |
| `terms_of_service` | `str` | 指向 API 服務條款的 URL。若提供，必須是 URL。 |

@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/optional-str", "/model-optional-str"],
)
def test_optional_str_missing(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"p": None}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/optional-str", "/model-optional-str"],
)
def test_optional_str(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)

@app.get("/path/param/{item_id}")
def get_path_param_id(item_id: str | None = Path()):
    return item_id


@app.get("/path/param-minlength/{item_id}")
def get_path_param_min_length(item_id: str = Path(min_length=3)):
    return item_id


@app.get("/path/param-maxlength/{item_id}")
def get_path_param_max_length(item_id: str = Path(max_length=3)):
    return item_id