* that gets messy here, and we already have null tests for Range.
   */

  /*
   * These generators also rely on consecutive integer inputs (not necessarily in order, but no
   * holes).
   */

  // SetCreationTester has some tests that pass in duplicates. Dedup them.
  private static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> SortedSet<E> nullCheckedTreeSet(E[] elements) {
    SortedSet<E> set = newTreeSet();

                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        routes: Annotated[
            Optional[List[BaseRoute]],
            Doc(
                """
                **Note**: you probably shouldn't use this parameter, it is inherited
                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.

                ---

                A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests.
                """

For example, it was clear that ideally it should be based on standard Python type hints.

Also, the best approach was to use already existing standards.

So, before even starting to code **FastAPI**, I spent several months studying the specs for OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Understanding their relationship, overlap, and differences.

## Design

    automatically retry on an unshared connection.
 *  Fix: Don't crash if a TLS tunnel's response body is truncated.
 *  Fix: Don't track unusable routes beyond their usefulness. We had a bug where we could track
    certain bad routes indefinitely; now we only track the ones that could be necessary.
 *  Fix: Defer proxy selection until a proxy is required. This saves calls to `ProxySelector` on

      + timeSeries.standardOptions.withOverrides([
        overrideSeries('cds', 'Clusters'),
        overrideSeries('eds', 'Endpoints'),
        overrideSeries('lds', 'Listeners'),
        overrideSeries('rds', 'Routes'),
        overrideSeries('nds', 'DNS Tables'),
        overrideSeries('istio.io/debug', 'Debug'),
        overrideSeries('istio.io/debug/syncz', 'Debug'),
        overrideSeries('wads', 'Authorization'),

                     "options": "rds"
                  },
                  "properties": [
                     {
                        "id": "displayName",
                        "value": "Routes"
                     }
                  ]
               },
               {
                  "matcher": {
                     "id": "byName",
                     "options": "nds"
                  },

## Concepts de déploiement

Ces exemples lancent le programme serveur (e.g. Uvicorn), démarrant **un seul processus**, sur toutes les IPs (`0.0.
0.0`) sur un port prédéfini (par example, `80`).

C'est l'idée de base. Mais vous vous préoccuperez probablement de certains concepts supplémentaires, tels que ... :

* la sécurité - HTTPS

    if (requestSendStarted && requestIsOneShot(e, userRequest)) return false

    // This exception is fatal.
    if (!isRecoverable(e, requestSendStarted)) return false

    // No more routes to attempt.
    if (!call.retryAfterFailure()) return false

    // For failure recovery, use the same route selector with a new connection.
    return true
  }

  private fun requestIsOneShot(

///

## Types en Validatie

Deze omgevingsvariabelen kunnen alleen **tekstuele gegevens** verwerken, omdat ze extern zijn aan Python, compatibel moeten zijn met andere programma's en de rest van het systeem (zelfs met verschillende besturingssystemen, zoals Linux, Windows en macOS).

Faisant partie de l'URL, ces valeurs sont des chaînes de caractères (`str`).

Mais quand on les déclare avec des types Python (dans l'exemple précédent, en tant qu'`int`), elles sont converties dans les types renseignés.

Toutes les fonctionnalités qui s'appliquent aux paramètres de chemin s'appliquent aussi aux paramètres de requête :

* Support de l'éditeur : vérification d'erreurs, auto-complétion, etc.