if (rem < 0) {
            rem = 8 + rem;
        }
        return size + 8 - rem;
    }

    /**
     * Calculates padding needed to align to 8-byte boundary from header start.
     *
     * @param dstIndex the current destination index
     * @return number of padding bytes needed
     */
    protected final int pad8(final int dstIndex) {
        final int fromHdr = dstIndex - this.headerStart;

        final int exp = size();
        final int actual = getLength();
        if (exp != actual) {
            // Log the size mismatch for debugging but don't throw exception
            // This can occur due to padding alignment differences between size8() and pad8()
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug("Size calculation mismatch: expected {} but got {} (difference: {})", exp, actual, actual - exp);
            }

import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.Nonnull;
import org.apache.maven.api.cli.Options;

/**
 * Defines the options specific to the Maven upgrade tool.
 * This interface extends the general {@link Options} interface, adding upgrade-specific configuration options.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
@Experimental
public interface UpgradeOptions extends Options {
    /**
     * Returns the list of upgrade goals to be executed.

        if (that instanceof Pred) {
          return this.node.equals(((Pred<?>) that).node);
        } else {
          return false;
        }
      }

      @Override
      public int hashCode() {
        // Adding the class hashCode to avoid a clash with Succ instances.
        return Pred.class.hashCode() + node.hashCode();
      }
    }

    static final class Succ<N> extends NodeConnection<N> {
      Succ(N node) {

## Mounting a **FastAPI** application { #mounting-a-fastapi-application }

"Mounting" means adding a completely "independent" application in a specific path, that then takes care of handling everything under that path, with the _path operations_ declared in that sub-application.

### Top-level application { #top-level-application }

package cmd

import (
	"runtime"
	"testing"
	"time"
)

// WARNING:
//
// Expected source line number is hard coded, 35, in the
// following test. Adding new code before this test or changing its
// position will cause the line number to change and the test to FAIL
// Tests getSource().
func TestGetSource(t *testing.T) {
	currentSource := func() string { return getSource(2) }

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should align to 8-byte boundary")
        void testPaddingAlignment() {
            // Test various name lengths to ensure proper padding
            for (int nameLen = 1; nameLen <= 32; nameLen++) {
                byte[] name = new byte[nameLen];
                Arrays.fill(name, (byte) 'A');

        if (i < len) {
            System.arraycopy(input, offset + i, buffer, bufferNdx, len - i);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Completes the hash computation by performing final operations such
     * as padding. At the return of this engineDigest, the MD engine is
     * reset.
     *
     * @return the array of bytes for the resulting hash value.
     */
    @Override
    public byte[] engineDigest() {

        int srcIndex = 0;

        // Simulate groupName = false (0x00), nodeType = 0 (0x00) -> src[srcIndex] = 0x00
        src[srcIndex] = (byte) 0x00;
        src[srcIndex + 1] = (byte) 0x00; // Reserved/padding byte

        // Simulate address = 192.168.1.1 (0xC0A80101)
        src[srcIndex + 2] = (byte) 0xC0;
        src[srcIndex + 3] = (byte) 0xA8;
        src[srcIndex + 4] = (byte) 0x01;

        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, getPrivateField(cmd, "maxSetupCount"));
        assertEquals(4096, getPrivateField(cmd, "maxDataCount"));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeSetupWireFormat writes subCommand and padding")
    void testWriteSetup() throws Exception {
        Trans2GetDfsReferral cmd = new Trans2GetDfsReferral("foo");
        byte[] buf = new byte[2];
        int r = cmd.writeSetupWireFormat(buf, 0);