* @author David Beaumont
 * @author Chris Povirk
 * @since 15.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class UrlEscapers {
  private UrlEscapers() {}

  // For each xxxEscaper() method, please add links to external reference pages
  // that are considered authoritative for the behavior of that escaper.

  static final String URL_FORM_PARAMETER_OTHER_SAFE_CHARS = "-_.*";

 *     MultimapBuilder.linkedHashKeys().arrayListValues().build();
 * SortedSetMultimap<String, Method> methodsForName =
 *     MultimapBuilder.treeKeys().treeSetValues(this::compareMethods).build();
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>{@code MultimapBuilder} instances are immutable. Invoking a configuration method has no effect
 * on the receiving instance; you must store and use the new builder instance it returns instead.
 *

$ echo "Hello $Env:MY_NAME"

Hello Wade Wilson
```

</div>

////

## Read env vars in Python

You could also create environment variables **outside** of Python, in the terminal (or with any other method), and then **read them in Python**.

For example you could have a file `main.py` with:

```Python hl_lines="3"
import os

name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
```

            exportedPackages.addAll(extension.getExportedPackages());
        }
        return exportedPackages;
    }

    /**
     * Note: overriding this method should be avoided. Preferred way to replace Maven components is the "normal" way
     * where the components are on index (are annotated with JSR330 annotations and Sisu index is created) and, they
     * have priorities set.

        result.add(a)
        break
      }
    }
  }
  return result.toTypedArray()
}

/**
 * Returns true if there is an element in this array that is also in [other]. This method terminates
 * if any intersection is found. The sizes of both arguments are assumed to be so small, and the
 * likelihood of an intersection so great, that it is not worth the CPU cost of sorting or the
 * memory cost of hashing.

import static org.codelibs.core.misc.AssertionUtil.assertArgumentNotEmpty;
import static org.codelibs.core.misc.AssertionUtil.assertArgumentNotNull;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;

import org.codelibs.core.collection.EnumerationIterator;
import org.codelibs.core.exception.ClIllegalStateException;

    InetAddress ip = InetAddresses.forString(ipStr);
    assertEquals("1.2.3.4", InetAddresses.toUriString(ip));
  }

  public void testToUriStringIPv6() {
    // Unfortunately the InetAddress.toString() method for IPv6 addresses
    // does not collapse contiguous shorts of zeroes with the :: abbreviation.
    String ipStr = "3ffe::1";
    InetAddress ip = InetAddresses.forString(ipStr);

    }
  }

  /** Helper method that asserts the arithmetic mean of x and y is equal to the expectedMean. */
  private static void assertMean(long expectedMean, long x, long y) {
    assertEquals(
        "The expectedMean should be the same as computeMeanSafely",
        expectedMean,
        computeMeanSafely(x, y));
    assertMean(x, y);
  }

  /**

                 * they don't run into this.
                 */
    
    /* UPDATE: Maybe not! Could this be a Unicode alignment issue. I hope
     * so. We cannot just comment out this method and use readString of
     * ServerMessageBlock.java because the arguments are different, however
     * one might be able to reduce this.
     */
    
                if( len > 0 && src[srcIndex + len - 1] == '\0' ) {

{* ../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py hl[6:9] *}

## Add the background task

Inside of your *path operation function*, pass your task function to the *background tasks* object with the method `.add_task()`:

{* ../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py hl[14] *}

`.add_task()` receives as arguments:

* A task function to be run in the background (`write_notification`).