is CtMethod -> ktFile.getSince(ctDeclaringClass, ctMember, fallback = declaringClassSince)
                else -> error("Unsupported japicmp member type '${member::class}'")
            }
        }
    }

    private
    fun KtFile.getSince(declaringClass: CtClass, field: CtField, fallback: String?): SinceTagStatus =

# Test Client - `TestClient`

You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:

```python
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
```

from dataclasses import dataclass, field

from fastapi import FastAPI


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    price: float
    tags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    description: str | None = None
    tax: float | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/next", response_model=Item)
async def read_next_item():
    return {
        "name": "Island In The Moon",
        "price": 12.99,

from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from .utils import needs_py310


class Dep:
    def __call__(self, request: Request):
        return "test"


@needs_py310
def test_stringified_annotations():
    app = FastAPI()

    client = TestClient(app)

    @app.get("/test/")

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None

    model_config = {
        "json_schema_extra": {
            "examples": [
                {
                    "name": "Foo",
                    "description": "A very nice Item",

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,

import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

@Named("builtin")
@Singleton
public class BuiltinShellCommandRegistryFactory implements ShellCommandRegistryFactory {
    @Override
    public CommandRegistry createShellCommandRegistry(LookupContext context) {
        return new BuiltinShellCommandRegistry(context);
    }

    private static class BuiltinShellCommandRegistry extends JlineCommandRegistry implements AutoCloseable {

Die vorherigen Screenshots wurden mit <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">Visual Studio Code</a> aufgenommen.

Aber Sie würden die gleiche Editor-Unterstützung in <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyCharm</a> und den meisten anderen Python-Editoren erhalten:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image05.png">

* Es hat eine <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-file-like-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">dateiartige</a> `async`hrone Schnittstelle.

虽然上面的截图取自 <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">Visual Studio Code</a>。

但 <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyCharm</a> 和大多数 Python 编辑器也支持同样的功能：

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image05.png">

/// tip | 提示