private static void assertHashStringEquivalence(HashFunction hashFunction, Random random) {
    // Test that only data and data-order is important, not the individual operations.
    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(
            hashFunction.hashUnencodedChars("abc"),
            hashFunction.newHasher().putUnencodedChars("abc").hash(),

Comme `Annotated` peut avoir plus d’une annotation de métadonnées, vous pouvez maintenant même utiliser la même fonction avec d’autres outils, comme [Typer](https://typer.tiangolo.com/). 🚀

// eliminate the comparison instruction, as bool values are guaranteed to be 0 or 1.
//
// The full 256-element table is used rather than a 128-element table to avoid
// additional operations in the lookup path. Alternative approaches were tested:
//   - [128]bool with explicit bounds check (if c >= 128): introduces branches
//     that cause pipeline stalls, resulting in ~70% slower performance

 * but not by just the column key.
 *
 * <p>The views returned by {@link #column}, {@link #columnKeySet()}, and {@link #columnMap()} have
 * iterators that don't support {@code remove()}. Otherwise, all optional operations are supported.
 * Null row keys, columns keys, and values are not supported.
 *
 * <p>Lookups by row key are often faster than lookups by column key, because the data is stored in

用戶端會收到「500 Internal Server Error」，但應用會繼續處理之後的請求，而不是整個崩潰。

### 更嚴重的錯誤 - 當機 { #bigger-errors-crashes }

然而，仍可能有一些情況，我們寫的程式碼「讓整個應用當機」，使 Uvicorn 與 Python 都崩潰。💥

即便如此，你大概也不會希望應用因為某處錯誤就一直處於死亡狀態，你可能會希望它「繼續運作」，至少讓沒有壞掉的「路徑操作（path operations）」能持續服務。

### 當機後重新啟動 { #restart-after-crash }

在這些會讓「執行中行程」整個崩潰的嚴重錯誤案例裡，你會希望有個外部元件負責「重新啟動」該行程，至少嘗試幾次...

/// tip

...不過，如果整個應用「一啟動就立刻」崩潰，那持續無止境地重啟大概沒有意義。但在這類情況下，你很可能會在開發過程中就發現，或至少在部署後馬上注意到。

/**
 * Helper for inter-instance coordination via OpenSearch.
 * Provides heartbeat registration, distributed operation locking, and event notification
 * to prevent concurrent execution of maintenance operations across multiple Fess instances.
 */
public class CoordinatorHelper {

    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(CoordinatorHelper.class);

 * Converter.apply (like Converter.convert) is capable of accepting null inputs. However, a
 * supertype of `Function<A, B>` turns out to be massively more useful to callers in practice: They
 * want their output to be non-null in operations like `stream.map(myConverter)`, and we can
 * guarantee that as long as we also require the input type to be non-null[*] (which is a
 * requirement that existing callers already fulfill).
 *

{* ../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py310/routers/users.py hl[1,3] title["app/routers/users.py"] *}

### Déclarer des *chemins d'accès* avec `APIRouter` { #path-operations-with-apirouter }

Puis vous l'utilisez pour déclarer vos *chemins d'accès*.

Utilisez-le de la même manière que vous utiliseriez la classe `FastAPI` :

{* ../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py310/routers/users.py hl[1,3] title["app/routers/users.py"] *}

### *Operações de Rota* com `APIRouter` { #path-operations-with-apirouter }

E então você o utiliza para declarar suas *operações de rota*.

Utilize-o da mesma maneira que utilizaria a classe `FastAPI`:

* `callbacks`: OpenAPI callbacks that apply to all the *path operations*.
* `deprecated`: to mark all the *path operations* as deprecated. 🤷
* `include_in_schema`: to allow excluding all the *path operations* from the OpenAPI schema.
* `responses`: OpenAPI responses that apply to all the *path operations*.

For example:

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends