* obtained by calling {@code snapshot()} on the same {@link StatsAccumulator} without adding any
   * values in between the two calls, or if one is obtained from the other after round-tripping
   * through java serialization. However, floating point rounding errors mean that it may be false
   * for some instances where the statistics are mathematically equal, including instances

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should calculate padding")
        void testPad8() {
            testMessage.encode(new byte[1024], 0);
            // After header is written, padding depends on position
            int headerStart = testMessage.getHeaderStart();
            assertEquals(0, headerStart); // Should start at 0
        }
    }

    @Nested

        removeEntryKeyHashKnown(keyEntry, keyHash);
      }
    } else {
      checkArgument(keyEntry == ABSENT, "Key already present: %s", key);
    }

    // insertion point for new entry is after predecessor
    // note predecessor must still be a valid entry: either we deleted an entry that was *not*
    // predecessor, or we didn't delete anything

    ensureCapacity(size + 1);
    keys[size] = key;

### 更大的错误 - 崩溃 { #bigger-errors-crashes }

尽管如此，在某些情况下，我们编写的一些代码可能会导致整个应用程序崩溃，从而导致 Uvicorn 和 Python 崩溃。 💥

尽管如此，您可能不希望应用程序因为某个地方出现错误而保持死机状态，您可能希望它**继续运行**，至少对于未破坏的*路径操作*。

### 崩溃后重新启动 { #restart-after-crash }

但在那些严重错误导致正在运行的**进程**崩溃的情况下，您需要一个外部组件来负责**重新启动**进程，至少尝试几次...

/// tip | 提示

...尽管如果整个应用程序只是**立即崩溃**，那么永远重新启动它可能没有意义。 但在这些情况下，您可能会在开发过程中注意到它，或者至少在部署后立即注意到它。

 *  Fix: Recover from `getsockname` crashes impacting Android releases prior to
    4.2.2.
 *  Fix: Drop partial support for HTTP/1.0. Previously OkHttp would send
    `HTTP/1.0` on connections after seeing a response with `HTTP/1.0`. The fixed
    behavior is consistent with Firefox and Chrome.
 *  Fix: Allow a body in `OPTIONS` requests.
 *  Fix: Don't percent-encode non-ASCII characters in URL fragments.

 * </ul>
 *
 * <h3>Warnings</h3>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Use immutable value types only, if at all possible. If you must use a mutable type, <b>do
 *       not</b> allow the endpoint instances to mutate after the range is created!
 *   <li>Your value type's comparison method should be {@linkplain Comparable consistent with
 *       equals} if at all possible. Otherwise, be aware that concepts used throughout this

    int i = 0;
    for (TypeToken<?> left : types) {
      int j = 0;
      for (TypeToken<?> right : types) {
        if (left.isSupertypeOf(right)) {
          assertTrue(left + " should be after " + right, i >= j);
        }
        j++;
      }
      i++;
    }
  }

  private static void assertSubtypeBeforeSupertype(Iterable<? extends Class<?>> types) {
    int i = 0;

   *   <li>The non-private constructor or non-private static factory method with the most parameters
   *       is used to construct the sample instances. In case of tie, the candidate constructors or
   *       factories are tried one after another until one can be used to construct sample
   *       instances.
   *   <li>For the constructor or static factory method used to construct instances, it's checked

### Redémarrer après un plantage { #restart-after-crash }

Mais dans ces cas avec de très mauvaises erreurs qui font planter le **processus** en cours, vous voudrez un composant externe chargé de **redémarrer** le processus, au moins quelques fois ...

/// tip | Astuce

그런 경우에는 일반적인 검증(예: 값이 `str`인지 검증한 뒤) 이후에 적용되는 **커스텀 검증 함수**를 사용할 수 있습니다.

`Annotated` 안에서 [Pydantic의 `AfterValidator`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#field-after-validator)를 사용하면 이를 구현할 수 있습니다.

/// tip | 팁

Pydantic에는 [BeforeValidator](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#field-before-validator)와 같은 다른 것들도 있습니다. 🤓

///