/// tip

Pydantic has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.3/usage/models/#required-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required Optional fields</a>.

///

## Type Hints with Metadata Annotations

 * ({@code [ ]}) indicates that the range is closed on that side; a parenthesis ({@code ( )}) means
 * it is either open or unbounded. The construct {@code {x | statement}} is read "the set of all
 * <i>x</i> such that <i>statement</i>.")
 *
 * <blockquote>
 *
 * <table>
 * <caption>Range Types</caption>
 * <tr><th>Notation        <th>Definition               <th>Factory method

    - [Container Images](#container-images-10)
  - [Changelog since v1.28.0](#changelog-since-v1280)
  - [Urgent Upgrade Notes](#urgent-upgrade-notes)
    - [(No, really, you MUST read this before you upgrade)](#no-really-you-must-read-this-before-you-upgrade)
  - [Changes by Kind](#changes-by-kind-10)
    - [Deprecation](#deprecation)
    - [API Change](#api-change-3)
    - [Feature](#feature-8)

   *
   * <p>The returned {@code RateLimiter} ensures that on average no more than {@code
   * permitsPerSecond} are issued during any given second, with sustained requests being smoothly
   * spread over each second. When the incoming request rate exceeds {@code permitsPerSecond} the
   * rate limiter will release one permit every {@code (1.0 / permitsPerSecond)} seconds. When the

        storeStateInSession(request.getSession(), state, nonce);
        final String authUrl = getAuthority() + getTenant()
                + "/oauth2/authorize?response_type=code&scope=directory.read.all&response_mode=form_post&redirect_uri="
                + URLEncoder.encode(getReplyUrl(request), Constants.UTF_8_CHARSET) + "&client_id=" + getClientId()

    writeMedium(frame, 8 + expectedData.size)
    frame.writeByte(TYPE_GOAWAY)
    frame.writeByte(FLAG_NONE)
    frame.writeInt(0) // connection-scope
    frame.writeInt(0) // never read any stream!
    frame.writeInt(expectedError.httpCode)
    frame.write(expectedData.toByteArray())

    // Check writer sends the same bytes.

/**
 * An immutable array of {@code int} values, with an API resembling {@link List}.
 *
 * <p>Advantages compared to {@code int[]}:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>All the many well-known advantages of immutability (read <i>Effective Java</i>, third
 *       edition, Item 17).
 *   <li>Has the value-based (not identity-based) {@link #equals}, {@link #hashCode}, and {@link
 *       #toString} behavior you expect.

   * a view of the multiset whose elements are of this class. A multiset implementation may return
   * Entry instances that are either live "read-through" views to the Multiset, or immutable
   * snapshots. Note that this type is unrelated to the similarly-named type {@code Map.Entry}.
   *
   * @since 2.0
   */
  interface Entry<E extends @Nullable Object> {

			concat(data...)
		}
	})
}

func BenchmarkConcatImplementation(b *testing.B) {
	data := make([]string, 2)
	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(0))
	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		var tmp [16]byte
		rng.Read(tmp[:])
		data[i] = hex.EncodeToString(tmp[:])
	}
	b.ResetTimer()
	benchmark(b, data)
}

func BenchmarkPathJoinOld(b *testing.B) {
	b.Run("PathJoin", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.ResetTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()

# Concurrency ve async / await

*path operasyon fonksiyonu* için `async def `sözdizimi,  asenkron kod, eşzamanlılık ve paralellik hakkında bazı ayrıntılar.

## Aceleniz mi var?

<abbr title="too long; didn't read"><strong>TL;DR:</strong></abbr>

Eğer `await` ile çağrılması gerektiğini belirten üçüncü taraf kütüphaneleri kullanıyorsanız, örneğin:

```Python
results = await some_library()
```