如果你有一组具有相关性的**查询参数**，你可以创建一个 **Pydantic 模型**来声明它们。

这将允许你在**多个地方**去**复用模型**，并且一次性为所有参数声明验证和元数据。😎

/// note

FastAPI 从 `0.115.0` 版本开始支持这个特性。🤓

///

## 使用 Pydantic 模型的查询参数

在一个 **Pydantic 模型**中声明你需要的**查询参数**，然后将参数声明为 `Query`：

{* ../../docs_src/query_param_models/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[9:13,17] *}

**FastAPI** 将会从请求的**查询参数**中**提取**出**每个字段**的数据，并将其提供给你定义的 Pydantic 模型。

## 查看文档

你可以在 `/docs` 页面的 UI 中查看查询参数：

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

## Импорт `Form` { #import-form }

Импортируйте `Form` из `fastapi`:

{* ../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py hl[3] *}

## Определение параметров `Form` { #define-form-parameters }

Создайте параметры формы так же, как это делается для `Body` или `Query`:

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.get(
    "/",
    openapi_extra={
        "parameters": [
            {
                "required": False,
                "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 1"},
                "name": "extra_param_1",
                "in": "query",
            },
            {
                "required": True,

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial006c_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_redirect_status_code():
    response = client.get("/pydantic", follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 302
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://docs.pydantic.dev/"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.path_operation_advanced_configuration.tutorial005_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {

import os
from pathlib import Path

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def client():
    static_dir: Path = Path(os.getcwd()) / "static"
    static_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    sample_file = static_dir / "sample.txt"
    sample_file.write_text("This is a sample static file.")
    from docs_src.static_files.tutorial001_py39 import app

    with TestClient(app) as client:

# Return a Response Directly { #return-a-response-directly }

When you create a **FastAPI** *path operation* you can normally return any data from it: a `dict`, a `list`, a Pydantic model, a database model, etc.

By default, **FastAPI** would automatically convert that return value to JSON using the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

Чтобы сделать это, сначала импортируйте:

* `Query` из `fastapi`
* `Annotated` из `typing`

{* ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[1,3] *}

/// info | Дополнительная информация

Поддержка `Annotated` (и рекомендация использовать его) появилась в FastAPI версии 0.95.0.

Если у вас более старая версия, при попытке использовать `Annotated` вы получите ошибки.

Nós estamos fazendo isso aqui para demonstrar como o **FastAPI** lida com escopos declarados em diferentes níveis.

///

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[5,141,172] *}

/// info | Detalhes Técnicos

`Security` é na verdade uma subclasse de `Depends`, e ele possui apenas um parâmetro extra que veremos depois.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: str | None = None
    full_name: str | None = None
    disabled: bool | None = None


def fake_decode_token(token):
    return User(