return new SMailDeliveryDepartment(createPostalParkingLot(), createPostalPersonnel());
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------
    //                                    Postal Parking Lot
    //                                    ------------------
    protected SMailPostalParkingLot createPostalParkingLot() {
        final SMailPostalParkingLot parkingLot = new SMailPostalParkingLot();

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            openapi_examples={
                "normal": {
                    "summary": "A normal example",
                    "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.",
                    "value": {
                        "name": "Foo",
                        "description": "A very nice Item",

image/png                      png              # Portable Network Graphics
image/tiff                     tiff tif         # TIFF image file
image/x-cmu-raster             ras              #
image/x-portable-anymap        pnm              #
image/x-portable-bitmap        pbm              #
image/x-portable-graymap       pgm              #
image/x-portable-pixmap        ppm              #

            "",
            display = ParameterDisplay.NORMAL,
            allowEmpty = true,
            description = "The extra gradle parameters you want to pass to this build, e.g. `-PrerunAllTests` or `--no-build-cache`"
        )
        text(
            "reverse.dep.*.additional.gradle.parameters",
            "",
            display = ParameterDisplay.NORMAL,
            allowEmpty = true,

                                    }
                                ),
                                "examples": {
                                    "normal": {
                                        "summary": "A normal example",
                                        "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.",
                                        "value": {
                                            "name": "Foo",

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            openapi_examples={
                "normal": {
                    "summary": "A normal example",
                    "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.",
                    "value": {
                        "name": "Foo",
                        "description": "A very nice Item",

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Item = Body(
        openapi_examples={
            "normal": {
                "summary": "A normal example",
                "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.",
                "value": {
                    "name": "Foo",
                    "description": "A very nice Item",
                    "price": 35.4,

                return;
            }
            catch ( SmbUnsupportedOperationException e ) {
                log.debug("Server side copy not supported, falling back to normal copying", e);
            }
            catch ( CIFSException e ) {
                log.warn("Server side copy failed", e);
                throw SmbException.wrap(e);
            }
        }

`PATCH` is less commonly used and known than `PUT`.

And many teams use only `PUT`, even for partial updates.

You are **free** to use them however you want, **FastAPI** doesn't impose any restrictions.

But this guide shows you, more or less, how they are intended to be used.

///

### Using Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter

from functools import partial
from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


def main(some_arg, q: Optional[str] = None):
    return {"some_arg": some_arg, "q": q}


endpoint = partial(main, "foo")

app = FastAPI()

app.get("/")(endpoint)


client = TestClient(app)


def test_partial():
    response = client.get("/?q=bar")
    data = response.json()