for (long value : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      assertThat(UnsignedInts.toLong(UnsignedInts.checkedCast(value))).isEqualTo(value);
    }
    assertCastFails(1L << 32);
    assertCastFails(-1L);
    assertCastFails(Long.MAX_VALUE);
    assertCastFails(Long.MIN_VALUE);
  }

  private static void assertCastFails(long value) {
    try {
      UnsignedInts.checkedCast(value);
      fail("Cast to int should have failed: " + value);

   * infinite {@code double} values are considered infinitely far away. For example, 2^2000 is not
   * representable as a double, but {@code roundToDouble(BigDecimal.valueOf(2).pow(2000), HALF_UP)}
   * will return {@code Double.MAX_VALUE}, not {@code Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY}.
   *
   * <p>For the case of {@link RoundingMode#HALF_EVEN}, this implementation uses the IEEE 754

    out.reset();
  }

  public void testReset() throws Exception {
    byte[] data = newPreFilledByteArray(100);
    FileBackedOutputStream out = new FileBackedOutputStream(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    ByteSource source = out.asByteSource();

    out.write(data);
    assertThat(source.read()).isEqualTo(data);

    out.reset();
    assertThat(source.read()).isEmpty();

    out.write(data);

   * infinite {@code double} values are considered infinitely far away. For example, 2^2000 is not
   * representable as a double, but {@code roundToDouble(BigDecimal.valueOf(2).pow(2000), HALF_UP)}
   * will return {@code Double.MAX_VALUE}, not {@code Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY}.
   *
   * <p>For the case of {@link RoundingMode#HALF_EVEN}, this implementation uses the IEEE 754

   * @return the same value cast to {@code char} if it is in the range of the {@code char} type,
   *     {@link Character#MAX_VALUE} if it is too large, or {@link Character#MIN_VALUE} if it is too
   *     small
   */
  public static char saturatedCast(long value) {
    if (value > Character.MAX_VALUE) {
      return Character.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    if (value < Character.MIN_VALUE) {
      return Character.MIN_VALUE;
    }

   * @return the same value cast to {@code short} if it is in the range of the {@code short} type,
   *     {@link Short#MAX_VALUE} if it is too large, or {@link Short#MIN_VALUE} if it is too small
   */
  public static short saturatedCast(long value) {
    if (value > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
      return Short.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    if (value < Short.MIN_VALUE) {
      return Short.MIN_VALUE;
    }
    return (short) value;
  }

  private static final int[] ARRAY1 = {(int) 1};
  private static final int[] ARRAY234 = {(int) 2, (int) 3, (int) 4};

  private static final int LEAST = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
  private static final int GREATEST = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

  private static final int[] VALUES = {LEAST, (int) -1, (int) 0, (int) 1, GREATEST};

  // We need to test that our method behaves like the JDK method.
  @SuppressWarnings("InlineMeInliner")

   * @return the same value cast to {@code short} if it is in the range of the {@code short} type,
   *     {@link Short#MAX_VALUE} if it is too large, or {@link Short#MIN_VALUE} if it is too small
   */
  public static short saturatedCast(long value) {
    if (value > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
      return Short.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    if (value < Short.MIN_VALUE) {
      return Short.MIN_VALUE;
    }
    return (short) value;
  }

      // If the safe range is empty, set the range limits to opposite extremes
      // to ensure the first test of either value will (almost certainly) fail.
      safeMax = Character.MIN_VALUE;
      safeMin = Character.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    this.safeMin = safeMin;
    this.safeMax = safeMax;
  }

  /*
   * This is overridden to improve performance. Rough benchmarking shows that this almost doubles

  /** Current calls carried by this connection. */
  val calls = mutableListOf<Reference<RealCall>>()

  /** Timestamp when `allocations.size()` reached zero. Also assigned upon initial connection. */
  var idleAtNs = Long.MAX_VALUE

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an HTTP/2 connection. Such connections can be used in multiple HTTP
   * requests simultaneously.
   */
  internal val isMultiplexed: Boolean