// Test with another type and empty raw data
        int type2 = AvPair.MsvAvEOL;
        byte[] raw2 = new byte[] {};
        AvPair avPair2 = new AvPair(type2, raw2);

        assertEquals(type2, avPair2.getType(), "Type should match the constructor argument for empty raw data.");
        assertArrayEquals(raw2, avPair2.getRaw(), "Raw data should match the constructor argument for empty raw data.");

        // Test with null raw data

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("mechanism token empty array – preserved after round‑trip")
    void testEmptyMechanismToken() throws IOException {
        NegTokenTarg nt = new NegTokenTarg();
        nt.setResult(NegTokenTarg.REQUEST_MIC);
        nt.setMechanismToken(new byte[0]); // empty but non‑null
        nt.setMechanism(new ASN1ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.6.1"));

    @Test
    public void test_setAndGetDocumentItems() {
        // Test with null
        searchRenderData.setDocumentItems(null);
        assertNull(searchRenderData.getDocumentItems());

        // Test with empty list
        List<Map<String, Object>> emptyList = new ArrayList<>();
        searchRenderData.setDocumentItems(emptyList);
        assertEquals(emptyList, searchRenderData.getDocumentItems());

        .inOrder();
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("DoNotCall")
  public void testEmpty() {
    Iterator<Object> empty = new EmptyAbstractSequentialIterator<>();
    assertFalse(empty.hasNext());
    assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, empty::next);
    assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, empty::remove);
  }

  public void testBroken() {
    Iterator<Object> broken = new BrokenAbstractSequentialIterator();

     * If the virtual host is blank or null, returns an empty string.
     *
     * @param entity the RelatedQuery entity to extract the host key from
     * @return the virtual host key, or empty string if blank or null
     */
    protected String getHostKey(final RelatedQuery entity) {
        final String key = entity.getVirtualHost();
        return StringUtil.isBlank(key) ? StringUtil.EMPTY : key;
    }

    /**

   *
   * @param separatorPattern the pattern that determines whether a subsequence is a separator. This
   *     pattern may not match the empty string.
   * @return a splitter, with default settings, that uses this pattern
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code separatorPattern} matches the empty string
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // java.util.regex
  public static Splitter on(Pattern separatorPattern) {

                        EMPTY,
                        request);
            }

            validateRawRepositories(problems, m.getRepositories(), "repositories.repository.", EMPTY, request);

            validateRawRepositories(
                    problems, m.getPluginRepositories(), "pluginRepositories.pluginRepository.", EMPTY, request);

            Build build = m.getBuild();

     *
     * @param modelId The identifier of the model (groupId:artifactId:version) or empty string for the super POM.
     * @return The active profiles for the specified model or an empty list if the model has no active profiles.
     * @since 4.0.0
     */
    @Nonnull
    List<Profile> getActivePomProfiles(String modelId);

    /**

   *     // operate on tuple
   *   }
   * }
   * }
   *
   * <p>Note that if any input list is empty, the Cartesian product will also be empty. If no lists
   * at all are provided (an empty list), the resulting Cartesian product has one element, an empty
   * list (counter-intuitive, but mathematically consistent).
   *

    assertEquals(Object[].class, array.getClass());
  }

  public void testToArray_emptyArray() {
    E[] empty = getSubjectGenerator().createArray(0);
    E[] array = collection.toArray(empty);
    assertEquals(
        "toArray(emptyT[]) should return an array of type T", empty.getClass(), array.getClass());
    assertEquals("toArray(emptyT[]).length:", getNumElements(), array.length);