例えば、以下のような`main.py`ファイルを用意します:

```Python hl_lines="3"
import os

name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
```

/// tip | 豆知識

[`os.getenv()`](https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/os.html#os.getenv) の第2引数は、返されるデフォルト値です。

指定しない場合、デフォルトは`None`ですが、ここでは使用するデフォルト値として`"World"`を指定しています。

///

次に、このPythonプログラムを呼び出します。

//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash

<div class="termy">

```console

pullPolicy: IfNotPresent ## minio mode, i.e. standalone or distributed or gateway (nas) ## Distributed MinIO ref: https://docs.minio.io/docs/distributed-minio-quickstart-guide ## NAS Gateway MinIO ref: https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-gateway-for-nas.html mode: distributed ## NOTE: currently only "nas" gateway is supported. ## Additional labels to include with deployment or statefulset additionalLabels: [] ## Additional annotations to include with deployment or statefulset additionalAnnotation: [] ##...

pullPolicy: IfNotPresent ## minio mode, i.e. standalone or distributed or gateway (nas) ## Distributed MinIO ref: https://docs.minio.io/docs/distributed-minio-quickstart-guide ## NAS Gateway MinIO ref: https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-gateway-for-nas.html mode: distributed ## NOTE: currently only "nas" gateway is supported. ## Additional labels to include with deployment or statefulset additionalLabels: [] ## Additional annotations to include with deployment or statefulset additionalAnnotation: [] ##...

/// info | Información

Si ya revisaste todo el tutorial y volviste para ver más sobre tipos, un buen recurso es [la "cheat sheet" de `mypy`](https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cheat_sheet_py3.html).

You can read more about it in the [PyJWT Installation docs](https://pyjwt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html).

///

## Password hashing { #password-hashing }

"Hashing" means converting some content (a password in this case) into a sequence of bytes (just a string) that looks like gibberish.

/// info | Informação

Se você já passou por todo o tutorial e voltou para ver mais sobre os tipos, um bom recurso é [a "cheat sheet" do `mypy`](https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cheat_sheet_py3.html).

/// info

Si vous avez déjà parcouru tout le tutoriel et êtes revenu pour en voir plus sur les types, une bonne ressource est [l'« aide-mémoire » de `mypy`](https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cheat_sheet_py3.html).

 * and {@link java.net.InetAddress}. The name resolution mechanisms
 * used will systematically query all available configured resolution
 * services including WINS, broadcasts, DNS, and LMHOSTS. See
 * <a href="../../resolver.html">Setting Name Resolution Properties</a>
 * and the <code>jcifs.smb1.resolveOrder</code> property. Changing
 * jCIFS name resolution properties can greatly affect the behavior of
 * the client and may be necessary for proper operation.

`@lru_cache` faz parte de `functools`, que faz parte da biblioteca padrão do Python; você pode ler mais sobre isso na [documentação do Python para `@lru_cache`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.lru_cache).

## Recapitulando { #recap }

Você pode usar Pydantic Settings para lidar com as configurações da sua aplicação, com todo o poder dos modelos Pydantic.

///

### JSON Schema 的 `examples` 字段 { #json-schemas-examples-field }

后来，JSON Schema 在新版本的规范中添加了 [`examples`](https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.9.5) 字段。

随后新的 OpenAPI 3.1.0 基于最新版本（JSON Schema 2020-12），其中包含了这个新的 `examples` 字段。

现在，这个新的 `examples` 字段优先于旧的单个（且自定义的）`example` 字段，后者已被弃用。