import groovy.lang.GroovySystem;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class LinkRenderer {
    private final Document document;
    private final DslDocModel model;
    private final Set<String> primitiveTypes = new HashSet<String>();
    private final String groovyVersion;

   * </pre>
   */
  private static class ExampleStackTrace extends IllegalStateException {

    static final StackTraceElement[] EMPTY_STACK_TRACE = new StackTraceElement[0];

    static final ImmutableSet<String> EXCLUDED_CLASS_NAMES =
        ImmutableSet.of(
            CycleDetectingLockFactory.class.getName(),
            ExampleStackTrace.class.getName(),
            LockGraphNode.class.getName());

# 测试

感谢 <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>，测试**FastAPI** 应用轻松又愉快。

它基于 <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>， 而HTTPX又是基于Requests设计的，所以很相似且易懂。

有了它，你可以直接与**FastAPI**一起使用 <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a>。

## 使用 `TestClient`

/// info | "信息"

public class EnumsBenchmark {

  @Param({"Small", "Medium", "Large"})
  String enumSize;

  @Param({"0.2", "0.8"})
  float hitRate;

  // We could avoid the raw type here by initializing this with a ternary (? SmallEnum.class : ...).
  // However, we end up needing a raw type in getIfPresent, as discussed there.
  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
  private Class<? extends Enum> enumType;

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install fastapi

---> 100%
```

</div>

本番環境では、<a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> または、 <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>のような、 ASGI サーバーが必要になります。

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"

---> 100%
```

</div>

    assertFalse(Files.exists(parent));
    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> MoreFiles.createParentDirectories(file));
  }

  public void testCreateParentDirectories_nonDirectoryParentExists() throws IOException {
    Path parent = createTempFile();
    assertTrue(Files.isRegularFile(parent));
    Path file = parent.resolve("foo");
    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> MoreFiles.createParentDirectories(file));
  }

 *       running on it. This class, by contrast, does not expose an {@code Executor} API.)
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>If you don't need the features of this class, you may prefer {@code newSequentialExecutor} for
 * its simplicity and ability to accommodate interruption.
 *
 * @since 26.0
 */
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
@J2ktIncompatible
public final class ExecutionSequencer {

  private ExecutionSequencer() {}

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {
        "name": "Baz",

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {
        "name": "Baz",

from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: Union[str, None] = None
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
    disabled: Union[bool, None] = None


def fake_decode_token(token):
    return User(