"schemas": {
                "HTTPValidationError": {
                    "properties": {
                        "detail": {
                            "items": {
                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError",
                            },
                            "title": "Detail",
                            "type": "array",
                        },
                    },

	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost:9000/bucket/name?uploadId=upload&partNumber=1", http.NoBody)
	if err != nil {
		b.Fatal(err)
	}

	// benchmark utility which helps obtain number of allocations and bytes allocated per ops.
	b.ReportAllocs()
	// the actual benchmark for PutObject starts here. Reset the benchmark timer.
	b.ResetTimer()

	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
		b.Fatal(err)

}

```

但如果客户端请求 `http://example.com/items/bar`（`item_id` `「bar」` 不存在时），则会接收到 HTTP 状态码 - 404（「未找到」错误）及如下 JSON 响应结果：

```JSON
{
  "detail": "Item not found"
}

```

/// tip | 提示

触发 `HTTPException` 时，可以用参数 `detail` 传递任何能转换为 JSON 的值，不仅限于 `str`。

还支持传递 `dict`、`list` 等数据结构。

**FastAPI** 能自动处理这些数据，并将之转换为 JSON。

///

## 添加自定义响应头

有些场景下要为 HTTP 错误添加自定义响应头。例如，出于某些方面的安全需要。

    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}


def test_incorrect_token():
    response = client.get("/items", headers={"Authorization": "Non-existent testtoken"})
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}


def test_token():

                "HTTPValidationError": {
                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
                    "type": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "detail": {
                            "title": "Detail",
                            "type": "array",
                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
                        }
                    },

def test_model_optional_list_str_missing():
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.post("/model-optional-list-str")
    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "input": None,
                "loc": ["body"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "type": "missing",
            },
        ],
    }

                "HTTPValidationError": {
                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
                    "type": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "detail": {
                            "title": "Detail",
                            "type": "array",
                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
                        }
                    },

schema = {
    "components": {
        "schemas": {
            "HTTPValidationError": {
                "properties": {
                    "detail": {
                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
                        "title": "Detail",
                        "type": "array",
                    }
                },
                "title": "HTTPValidationError",

        "components": {
            "schemas": {
                "HTTPValidationError": {
                    "properties": {
                        "detail": {
                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
                            "title": "Detail",
                            "type": "array",
                        }
                    },
                    "title": "HTTPValidationError",

                },
                "HTTPValidationError": {
                    "properties": {
                        "detail": {
                            "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
                            "type": "array",
                            "title": "Detail",
                        }
                    },
                    "type": "object",