*
       * Android API level 26 and JVM8 both let our Error propagate directly the first time and
       * throw NoClassDefFoundError thereafter. This is the proper behavior according to the spec.
       * See https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se8/html/jls-12.html#jls-12.4.2 (steps #11 and
       * #5).
       *
       * Note that that "first time" might happen in a test other than
       * testLexicographicalComparatorChoice!

            <type>ActivationFile</type>
          </association>
        </field>
      </fields>
    </class>

    <!-- TODO: reproduced from maven-model/maven.mdo, instead should inherit code and link to external docs -->
    <class>
      <name>RepositoryBase</name>
      <version>1.0.0</version>
      <description><![CDATA[
         Repository contains the information needed

也就是说，**FastAPI** 针对差不多 80% 的 Python 开发者使用的编辑器进行了测试，而且其它大多数编辑器的工作方式也与之类似，因此，**FastAPI** 的优势几乎能在所有编辑器上体现。

通过这种方式，我就能找到尽可能减少代码重复的最佳方式，进而实现处处都有自动补全、类型提示与错误检查等支持。

所有这些都是为了给开发者提供最佳的开发体验。

## 需求项

经过测试多种备选方案，我最终决定使用  <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a>，并充分利用它的优势。

我甚至为它做了不少贡献，让它完美兼容了 JSON Schema，支持多种方式定义约束声明，并基于多个编辑器，改进了它对编辑器支持（类型检查、自动补全）。

Es basiert auf <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, welches wiederum auf der Grundlage von requests konzipiert wurde, es ist also sehr vertraut und intuitiv.

Damit können Sie <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> direkt mit **FastAPI** verwenden.

## Verwendung von `TestClient`

/// info

# WebSockets

You can use <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API" class="external-link" target="_blank">WebSockets</a> with **FastAPI**.

## Install `WebSockets`

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and install `websockets`:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install websockets

---> 100%
```

</div>

## Verifique o usuário

Aqui está um exemplo mais completo.

Utilize uma dependência para verificar se o usuário e a senha estão corretos.

Para isso, utilize o módulo padrão do Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> para verificar o usuário e senha.

Используя эти инструменты, Вы можете напрямую задействовать <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> с **FastAPI**.

## Использование класса `TestClient`

/// info | "Информация"

  repeated CertificateSigningRequest items = 2;
}

// CertificateSigningRequestSpec contains the certificate request.
message CertificateSigningRequestSpec {
  // Base64-encoded PKCS#10 CSR data
  // +listType=atomic
  optional bytes request = 1;

  // Requested signer for the request. It is a qualified name in the form:
  // `scope-hostname.io/name`.
  // If empty, it will be defaulted:

                  /**
                   * Returns a Multiset that throws an exception on any attempt to use a method not
                   * specifically authorized by the elementSet() or hashCode() docs.
                   */
                  @Override
                  protected Set<String> create(String[] elements) {
                    final Multiset<String> inner = LinkedHashMultiset.create(asList(elements));

FastAPIはこれをするために、Pydanticモデルの`.dict()`を<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#modeldict" class="external-link" target="_blank">その`exclude_unset`パラメータ</a>で使用しています。

///

/// info | "情報"

以下も使用することができます:

* `response_model_exclude_defaults=True`
* `response_model_exclude_none=True`