/// note

**FastAPI** saura que la valeur de `q` n'est pas requise grâce à la valeur par défaut `=None`.

Le type `Optional` dans `Optional[str]` n'est pas utilisé par **FastAPI**, mais sera utile à votre éditeur pour améliorer le support offert par ce dernier et détecter plus facilement des erreurs de type.

///

/// note

FastAPI will know that the value of `q` is not required because of the default value `= None`.

The `str | None` (Python 3.10+) or `Union` in `Union[str, None]` (Python 3.9+) is not used by FastAPI to determine that the value is not required, it will know it's not required because it has a default value of `= None`.

name: Publish

on:
  release:
    types:
      - created

jobs:
  publish:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        package:
          - fastapi
          - fastapi-slim
    permissions:
      id-token: write
    steps:
      - name: Dump GitHub context
        env:
          GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
        run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6

## `CORSMiddleware` verwenden { #use-corsmiddleware }

Sie können das in Ihrer **FastAPI**-Anwendung mit der `CORSMiddleware` konfigurieren.

* Importieren Sie `CORSMiddleware`.
* Erstellen Sie eine Liste der erlaubten Origins (als Strings).
* Fügen Sie es als „Middleware“ zu Ihrer **FastAPI**-Anwendung hinzu.

Sie können auch angeben, ob Ihr Backend erlaubt:

from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPBearer()


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials = Security(security)):
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}


client = TestClient(app)

from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPBearer(description="HTTP Bearer token scheme")


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials = Security(security)):
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}

from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPDigest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPDigest(description="HTTPDigest scheme")


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials = Security(security)):
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}


client = TestClient(app)

다음은 사용할 수 있는 몇가지 응답들 입니다.

`Response`를 사용하여 다른 어떤 것도 반환 할수 있으며, 직접 하위 클래스를 만들 수도 있습니다.

/// note | 기술 세부사항

`from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`를 사용할 수도 있습니다.

**FastAPI**는 개발자인 여러분의 편의를 위해 `starlette.responses`를 `fastapi.responses`로 제공 하지만, 대부분의 사용 가능한 응답은 Starlette에서 직접 가져옵니다.

///

### `Response`

기본 `Response` 클래스는 다른 모든 응답 클래스의 부모 클래스 입니다.

이 클래스를 직접 반환할 수 있습니다.

다음 매개변수를 받을 수 있습니다:

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from fastapi.exception_handlers import (
    http_exception_handler,
    request_validation_exception_handler,
)
from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException

app = FastAPI()


@app.exception_handler(StarletteHTTPException)
async def custom_http_exception_handler(request, exc):
    print(f"OMG! An HTTP error!: {repr(exc)}")

/// note | Заметка

Этот функционал доступен в FastAPI начиная с версии `0.115.0`. 🤓

///

## Header-параметры в виде Pydantic-модели { #header-parameters-with-a-pydantic-model }

Объявите нужные **header-параметры** в **Pydantic-модели** и затем аннотируйте параметр как `Header`:

{* ../../docs_src/header_param_models/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[9:14,18] *}