#### Possibly `None` (Optional)

Ви можете оголосити, що значення може мати тип, наприклад `str`, але також може бути `None`.

У Python 3.6 і вище (включаючи Python 3.10) ви можете оголосити його, імпортувавши та використовуючи `Optional` з модуля `typing`.

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

 */
@Experimental
public interface ArtifactManager extends Service {

    /**
     * Returns the path of the file previously associated to this artifact
     * or {@code Optional.empty()} if no path has been associated.
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Path> getPath(@Nonnull Artifact artifact);

    /**
     * Associates the given file path to the artifact.
     */
    void setPath(@Nonnull ProducedArtifact artifact, Path path);

  ElementOrder<N> nodeOrder = ElementOrder.insertion();
  ElementOrder<N> incidentEdgeOrder = ElementOrder.unordered();

  Optional<Integer> expectedNodeCount = Optional.absent();

  /**
   * Creates a new instance with the specified edge directionality.
   *
   * @param directed if true, creates an instance for graphs whose edges are each directed; if
   *     false, creates an instance for graphs whose edges are each undirected.
   */

     */
    @Nonnull
    DependencyScope getScope();

    /**
     * Returns whether the dependency is optional, mandatory, or of unspecified obligation.
     *
     * @return {@code Boolean.TRUE} and {@code Boolean.FALSE} if optional, or {@code null} if unspecified
     */
    @Nullable
    Boolean getOptional();

    /**
     * {@return transitive dependencies to exclude}
     */

    /**
     * Creates a default toolchain instance using system defaults.
     *
     * @return Optional containing the default toolchain if available
     * @throws ToolchainFactoryException if default toolchain creation fails
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Toolchain> createDefaultToolchain() throws ToolchainFactoryException;

    private static Optional<String> lookupMessage(int code) {
        int[] codes = WinError.WINERR_CODES;
        String[] msgs = WinError.WINERR_MESSAGES;
        for (int i = 0; i < codes.length; i++) {
            if (codes[i] == code) {
                return Optional.of(msgs[i]);
            }
        }
        return Optional.empty();
    }

            }

            @Nonnull
            @Override
            public Optional<Project> getProject() {
                return Optional.ofNullable(project);
            }

            @Nonnull
            @Override
            public Optional<Artifact> getRootArtifact() {
                return Optional.ofNullable(rootArtifact);
            }

            @Nonnull
            @Override

```

////

#### Gebruik van `Union` of `Optional`

Als je een Python versie lager dan 3.10 gebruikt, is dit een tip vanuit mijn **subjectieve** standpunt:

* 🚨 Vermijd het gebruik van `Optional[EenType]`.
* Gebruik in plaats daarvan **`Union[EenType, None]`** ✨.

   */
  RangeSet<C> complement();

  /**
   * Returns a view of the intersection of this {@code RangeSet} with the specified range.
   *
   * <p>The returned view supports all optional operations supported by this {@code RangeSet}, with
   * the caveat that an {@link IllegalArgumentException} is thrown on an attempt to {@linkplain

    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Long> lengthIfKnown() {
      long result = 0L;
      for (CharSource source : sources) {
        Optional<Long> lengthIfKnown = source.lengthIfKnown();
        if (!lengthIfKnown.isPresent()) {
          return Optional.absent();
        }
        result += lengthIfKnown.get();
      }
      return Optional.of(result);
    }

    @Override