bufferA.writeUtf8("Dodgson, we've got Dodgson here!\n")
    operatorA.write(36, bufferA, 33)
    operatorB.read(0, bufferB, 9)
    assertThat(bufferB.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("Dodgson!\n")
    operatorA.read(9, bufferA, 27)
    assertThat(bufferA.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("You shouldn't use my name.\n")
    operatorB.read(36, bufferB, 33)
    assertThat(bufferB.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("Dodgson, we've got Dodgson here!\n")
  }

  @Test

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Collector<T, ?, T> onlyElement() {
    return (Collector) ONLY_ELEMENT;
  }

  /**
   * This atrocity is here to let us report several of the elements in the stream if there were more
   * than one, not just two.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("EmptyList") // ImmutableList doesn't support nullable element types
  private static final class ToOptionalState {

* Implement and use well-known cryptographic tools, like Passlib and JWT tokens, etc.
* Add more granular permission controls with OAuth2 scopes where needed.
* ...etc.

Nevertheless, you might have a very specific use case where you really need to disable the API docs for some environment (e.g. for production) or depending on configurations from environment variables.

     * For direct buffers, we rely on GC. A more sophisticated
     * implementation could maintain a buffer pool here as well.
     *
     * @param buffer buffer to release
     */
    public void releaseBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer) {
        // For direct buffers, we rely on GC
        // Could implement a more sophisticated buffer pool here
    }

    /**
     * Clean up all pooled regions
     *

            dstIndex += ((AndXServerMessageBlock) this.andx).writeAndXWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);
        } else {
            // the andx smb is not of type andx so lets just write it here and
            // were done.
            final int andxStart = dstIndex;
            this.andx.wordCount = this.andx.writeParameterWordsWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);
            dstIndex += this.andx.wordCount + 1;

And we return the scopes as part of the JWT token.

/// danger

For simplicity, here we are just adding the scopes received directly to the token.

But in your application, for security, you should make sure you only add the scopes that the user is actually able to have, or the ones you have predefined.

///

# How To - Recipes { #how-to-recipes }

Here you will see different recipes or "how to" guides for **several topics**.

Most of these ideas would be more or less **independent**, and in most cases you should only need to study them if they apply directly to **your project**.

If something seems interesting and useful to your project, go ahead and check it, but otherwise, you might probably just skip them.

/// tip

    In this case, it's a list of `Item` dataclasses.

6. Here we are returning a dictionary that contains `items` which is a list of dataclasses.

    FastAPI is still capable of <abbr title="converting the data to a format that can be transmitted">serializing</abbr> the data to JSON.

7. Here the `response_model` is using a type annotation of a list of `Author` dataclasses.

# Dependencies - `Depends()` and `Security()`

## `Depends()`

Dependencies are handled mainly with the special function `Depends()` that takes a callable.

Here is the reference for it and its parameters.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Depends
```

::: fastapi.Depends

## `Security()`

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