...

package schema

import (
	"regexp"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

// reg match english letters and midline
var regEnLetterAndMidline = regexp.MustCompile(`^[\w-]+$`)

type CheckConstraint struct {
	Name       string
	Constraint string // length(phone) >= 10
	*Field
}

func (chk *CheckConstraint) GetName() string { return chk.Name }

func (chk *CheckConstraint) Build() (sql string, vars []interface{}) {

package gorm

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"hash/maphash"
	"reflect"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// Create inserts value, returning the inserted data's primary key in value's id
func (db *DB) Create(value interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	if db.CreateBatchSize > 0 {
		return db.CreateInBatches(value, db.CreateBatchSize)
	}

package tests_test

import (
	"regexp"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestDistinct(t *testing.T) {
	users := []User{
		*GetUser("distinct", Config{}),
		*GetUser("distinct", Config{}),
		*GetUser("distinct", Config{}),
		*GetUser("distinct-2", Config{}),
		*GetUser("distinct-3", Config{}),
	}
	users[0].Age = 20

	if err := DB.Create(&users).Error; err != nil {

package tests_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func BenchmarkCreate(b *testing.B) {
	user := *GetUser("bench", Config{})

	for x := 0; x < b.N; x++ {
		user.ID = 0
		DB.Create(&user)
	}
}

func BenchmarkFind(b *testing.B) {
	user := *GetUser("find", Config{})
	DB.Create(&user)

	for x := 0; x < b.N; x++ {
		DB.Find(&User{}, "id = ?", user.ID)
	}
}

package tests_test

import (
	"errors"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
	users := []User{*GetUser("delete", Config{}), *GetUser("delete", Config{}), *GetUser("delete", Config{})}

	if err := DB.Create(&users).Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
	}

	for _, user := range users {
		if user.ID == 0 {

        stale-issue-label:...

package tests_test

import (
	"testing"

	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestExceptionsWithInvalidSql(t *testing.T) {
	if name := DB.Dialector.Name(); name == "sqlserver" {
		t.Skip("skip sqlserver due to it will raise data race for invalid sql")
	}

	var columns []string
	if DB.Where("sdsd.zaaa = ?", "sd;;;aa").Pluck("aaa", &columns).Error == nil {
		t.Errorf("Should got error with invalid SQL")
	}

package tests_test

import (
	"testing"
	"time"
)

type Animal struct {
	Counter    uint64 `gorm:"primary_key:yes"`
	Name       string `gorm:"DEFAULT:'galeone'"`
	From       string // test reserved sql keyword as field name
	Age        *time.Time
	unexported string // unexported value
	CreatedAt  time.Time
	UpdatedAt  time.Time
}

func TestNonStdPrimaryKeyAndDefaultValues(t *testing.T) {
	DB.Migrator().DropTable(&Animal{})

package tests_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

func TestWithSingleConnection(t *testing.T) {
	expectedName := "test"
	var actualName string

	setSQL, getSQL := getSetSQL(DB.Dialector.Name())
	if len(setSQL) == 0 || len(getSQL) == 0 {
		return
	}

	err := DB.Connection(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
		if err := tx.Exec(setSQL, expectedName).Error; err != nil {
			return err