### `typing` module { #typing-module }

For some additional use cases, you might need to import some things from the standard library `typing` module, for example when you want to declare that something has "any type", you can use `Any` from `typing`:

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

### Generic types { #generic-types }

		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.OrderBy{
				Columns: []clause.OrderByColumn{{Column: clause.PrimaryColumn, Desc: true}},
			}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` ORDER BY `users`.`id` DESC", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{
				clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.OrderBy{
					Columns: []clause.OrderByColumn{{Column: clause.PrimaryColumn, Desc: true}},

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, WithJsonSchema

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str

    description: Annotated[str | None, WithJsonSchema({"type": ["string", "null"]})] = (
        None
    )

    model_config = {
        "json_schema_extra": {
            "x-something-internal": {"level": 4},
        }

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

api_key = APIKeyQuery(name="key", description="API Key Query")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str


def get_current_user(oauth_header: str = Security(api_key)):
    user = User(username=oauth_header)

from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
from typing import (
    Annotated,
    Any,
    BinaryIO,
    TypeVar,
    cast,
)

from annotated_doc import Doc
from pydantic import GetJsonSchemaHandler
from starlette.datastructures import URL as URL  # noqa: F401
from starlette.datastructures import Address as Address  # noqa: F401
from starlette.datastructures import FormData as FormData  # noqa: F401

import json
from typing import AsyncIterable, Iterable  # noqa: UP035 to test coverage

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/stream-bare-async")
async def stream_bare_async() -> AsyncIterable:
    yield {"name": "foo"}


@app.get("/items/stream-bare-sync")

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.httpsredirect.HTTPSRedirectMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python

		case "linux":
			// Copied from golang.org/x/sys/unix/dev_linux.go.
			major := uint32((dev & 0x00000000000fff00) >> 8)
			major |= uint32((dev & 0xfffff00000000000) >> 32)
			minor := uint32((dev & 0x00000000000000ff) >> 0)
			minor |= uint32((dev & 0x00000ffffff00000) >> 12)
			h.Devmajor, h.Devminor = int64(major), int64(minor)
		case "darwin", "ios":
			// Copied from golang.org/x/sys/unix/dev_darwin.go.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

api_key = APIKeyQuery(name="key", auto_error=False)


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str


def get_current_user(oauth_header: str | None = Security(api_key)):
    if oauth_header is None:
        return None

import os
from pathlib import Path

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.background_tasks.tutorial001_py310 import app
from tests.utils import workdir_lock

client = TestClient(app)


@workdir_lock
def test():
    log = Path("log.txt")
    if log.is_file():
        os.remove(log)  # pragma: no cover
    response = client.post("/send-notification/******@****.***")