from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: set[str] = set()


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item")
async def create_item(item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:

    - **name**: each item must have a name

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item")
async def create_item(item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIError


class NonPydanticModel:
    pass


def test_invalid_response_model_raises():
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.get("/", response_model=NonPydanticModel)
        def read_root():
            pass  # pragma: nocover


def test_invalid_response_model_sub_type_raises():

/**
 * Unit tests for the {@link ModelVersionUtils} utility class.
 * Tests model version detection, validation, upgrade logic, and namespace operations.
 */
@DisplayName("ModelVersionUtils")
class ModelVersionUtilsTest {

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Model Version Detection")
    class ModelVersionDetectionTests {

        @Test

import org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.pull.XmlSerializer;

/**
 * Class CoreExtensionsXpp3Writer.
 *
 * @deprecated use {@code org.apache.maven.cling.internal.extension.io.CoreExtensionsStaxWriter}
 */
@Deprecated
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class CoreExtensionsXpp3Writer {

    // --------------------------/
    // - Class/Member Variables -/
    // --------------------------/

    /**

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[8:9,11,14] *}

/// tip

Keep in mind that custom proprietary headers can be added <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">using the `X-` prefix</a>.

But you are not restricted to using some specific data model, class or type.

Do you want to have an `id` and `email` and not have any `username` in your model? Sure. You can use these same tools.

Do you want to just have a `str`? Or just a `dict`? Or a database class model instance directly? It all works the same way.

import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

class ExclusionArtifactFilterTest {
    private Artifact artifact;
    private Artifact artifact2;

    @BeforeEach
    void setup() {
        artifact = mock(Artifact.class);
        when(artifact.getGroupId()).thenReturn("org.apache.maven");
        when(artifact.getArtifactId()).thenReturn("maven-core");

        artifact2 = mock(Artifact.class);

Pero si por alguna razón tus clientes dependen del comportamiento anterior, puedes volver a él sobrescribiendo el método `make_not_authenticated_error` en tus clases de seguridad.

* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>：高性能 ASGI 服务器。
* <a href="https://hypercorn.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>：与 HTTP/2 和 Trio 等兼容的 ASGI 服务器。
* <a href="https://github.com/django/daphne" class="external-link" target="_blank">Daphne</a>：为 Django Channels 构建的 ASGI 服务器。