```

    Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string.
    You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon characters (`:`) or
    similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to
    group and organize permissions, you could do it as well in your application, just
    know that that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.
    """

```Python hl_lines="3  5"
{
    "name": "Bar",
    "description": "The bartenders",
    "price": 62,
    "tax": 20.2
}
```

they will be included in the response.

#### Data with the same values as the defaults

If the data has the same values as the default ones, like the item with ID `baz`:

```Python hl_lines="3  5-6"
{

                try {
                    popularWordsRequestBuilder.execute().getResponse().getItems().stream().forEach(item -> wordList.add(item.getText()));
                } catch (final SuggesterException e) {
                    logger.warn("Failed to generate popular words.", e);
                }

                return wordList;
            });

	ses, err := cli.Istio().NetworkingV1().ServiceEntries(metav1.NamespaceAll).List(context.Background(), metav1.ListOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, se := range ses.Items {
		if se.Spec.Resolution != networking.ServiceEntry_NONE {
			continue
		}
		changed := false
		for _, p := range se.Spec.Ports {
			if p.TargetPort != 0 && p.Number != p.TargetPort {
				changed = true

			item.heal.bitrot = f.scanMode == madmin.HealDeepScan

			sz, err := f.getSize(item)
			if err != nil && err != errIgnoreFileContrib {
				wait() // wait to proceed to next entry.
				if err != errSkipFile && f.dataUsageScannerDebug {
					console.Debugf(scannerLogPrefix+" getSize \"%v/%v\" returned err: %v\n", bucket, item.objectPath(), err)
				}
				return nil
			}

                        <ol class="breadcrumb float-sm-right">
                            <li class="breadcrumb-item"><la:link href="/admin/badword">
                                <la:message key="labels.bad_word_link_list"/>
                            </la:link></li>
                            <li class="breadcrumb-item active"><la:message
                                    key="labels.bad_word_link_details"/></li>
                        </ol>

template "minio.fullname" . }}.{{ .Release.Namespace }}.svc.cluster.local To access Minio from localhost, run the below commands: 1. export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }} -l "release={{ .Release.Name }}" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}") 2. kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 9000 --namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }} Read more about port forwarding here: http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_port-forward/ You can now access Minio server on http://localhost:9000....

  // More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata
  // +optional
  optional k8s.io.apimachinery.pkg.apis.meta.v1.ListMeta metadata = 1;

  // `items` is a list of FlowSchemas.
  repeated FlowSchema items = 2;
}

// FlowSchemaSpec describes how the FlowSchema's specification looks like.
message FlowSchemaSpec {

{{ template "minio.secretName" . }} {{- range .Values.users }} {{- if .existingSecret }} - secret: name: {{ tpl .existingSecret $global }} items: - key: {{ .existingSecretKey }} path: secrets/{{ tpl .existingSecretKey $global }} {{- end }} {{- end }} {{- if .Values.tls.enabled }} - name: cert-secret-volume-mc secret: secretName: {{ .Values.tls.certSecret }} items: - key: {{ .Values.tls.publicCrt }} path: CAs/public.crt {{ end }} {{- if .Values.makeUserJob.extraVolumes }} {{- toYaml .Values.makeUserJob.extraVolumes...

**FastAPI** 对此没有任何限制，可以**随意**互换使用这两种操作。

但本指南也会分别介绍这两种操作各自的用途。

///

### 使用 Pydantic 的 `exclude_unset` 参数

更新部分数据时，可以在 Pydantic 模型的 `.dict()` 中使用 `exclude_unset` 参数。

比如，`item.dict(exclude_unset=True)`。

这段代码生成的 `dict` 只包含创建 `item` 模型时显式设置的数据，而不包括默认值。

然后再用它生成一个只含已设置（在请求中所发送）数据，且省略了默认值的 `dict`：

```Python hl_lines="34"
{!../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
```

### 使用 Pydantic 的 `update` 参数