* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
    * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
    * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.

    if (entries.size() >= 1) {
      a = Multisets.immutableEntry(entries.get(0), sortedMultiset.count(entries.get(0)));
      if (entries.size() >= 3) {
        b = Multisets.immutableEntry(entries.get(1), sortedMultiset.count(entries.get(1)));
        c = Multisets.immutableEntry(entries.get(2), sortedMultiset.count(entries.get(2)));
      }
    }
  }

* Підтвердить наявність `item_id` у шляху для запитів `GET` та `PUT`.
* Підтвердить, що `item_id` має тип `int` для запитів `GET` and `PUT`.
    * Якщо це не так, клієнт побачить корисну, зрозумілу помилку.
* Перевірить, чи є необов'язковий параметр запиту з назвою `q` (а саме `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) для запитів `GET`.
    * Оскільки параметр `q` оголошено як `= None`, він необов'язковий.

    assertContentsAnyOrder(multimap().asMap().get(null), getValueForNullKey());
  }

  @MapFeature.Require(ALLOWS_NULL_KEY_QUERIES)
  public void testAsMapGetNullKeyAbsent() {
    assertNull(multimap().asMap().get(null));
  }

  @MapFeature.Require(absent = ALLOWS_NULL_KEY_QUERIES)
  public void testAsMapGetNullKeyUnsupported() {
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> multimap().asMap().get(null));
  }

              .replace("$OTHER", itemReporter.reportItem(other)));
    }
  }

  private Item<T> getItem(int groupNumber, int itemNumber) {
    return new Item<>(groups.get(groupNumber).get(itemNumber), groupNumber, itemNumber);
  }

  static final class Item<T> {
    final T value;
    final int groupNumber;
    final int itemNumber;

            statusCode = dosErrorCodeStatuses.get(errcode);
        } else {
            statusCode = NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        }
        return statusCode;
    }


    static String getMessageByWinerrCode ( int errcode ) {
        String message = winErrorCodeMessages.get(errcode);
        if (message == null) {

This also means that in many cases you can pass the same object you get from a request **directly to the database**, as everything is validated automatically.

The same applies the other way around, in many cases you can just pass the object you get from the database **directly to the client**.

With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on Pydantic for all the data handling):

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.configure_swagger_ui.tutorial003 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_swagger_ui():
    response = client.get("/docs")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert (
        '"deepLinking": false,' in response.text
    ), "overridden configs should be preserved"
    assert (
        '"deepLinking": true' not in response.text

app = FastAPI()


async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
    return commons


@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    *,
    item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000),
    q: str,
    size: float = Query(gt=0, lt=10.5),
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})
    if size:
        results.update({"size": size})