* Provides centralized management of encryption keys with secure storage and cleanup.
 *
 * Features:
 * - Secure key storage with optional KeyStore integration
 * - Automatic key cleanup on close
 * - Thread-safe key management
 * - Key derivation utilities
 * - Memory wiping capabilities
 */
public class SecureKeyManager implements AutoCloseable {

   * values.
   *
   * <p>Elements are copied from the argument collection as if by {@code collection.toArray()}.
   * Calling this method is as thread-safe as calling that method.
   *
   * @param collection a collection of {@code Character} objects
   * @return an array containing the same values as {@code collection}, in the same order, converted
   *     to primitives

   * value in the manner of {@link Number#shortValue}.
   *
   * <p>Elements are copied from the argument collection as if by {@code collection.toArray()}.
   * Calling this method is as thread-safe as calling that method.
   *
   * @param collection a collection of {@code Number} instances
   * @return an array containing the same values as {@code collection}, in the same order, converted
   *     to primitives

    "price": 50.2
}
```

/// info | 說明

你也可以使用：

* `response_model_exclude_defaults=True`
* `response_model_exclude_none=True`

如 [Pydantic 文件](https://docs.pydantic.dev/1.10/usage/exporting_models/#modeldict)中對 `exclude_defaults` 與 `exclude_none` 的說明。

///

#### 對於有預設值欄位也有實際值的資料 { #data-with-values-for-fields-with-defaults }

但如果你的資料在模型中對於有預設值的欄位也有實際值，例如 ID 為 `bar` 的項目：

    protected boolean ignoreCopyToException = false;
    /** Maximum number of request retries on failure */
    protected int maxRequestRetries = 2;
    /** Whether to trace resource usage for debugging */
    protected boolean traceResourceUsage;
    /** Whether to enforce strict resource lifecycle management */
    protected boolean strictResourceLifecycle;

 * {@link #acquire()} blocks if necessary until a permit is available, and then takes it. Once
 * acquired, permits need not be released.
 *
 * <p>{@code RateLimiter} is safe for concurrent use: It will restrict the total rate of calls from
 * all threads. Note, however, that it does not guarantee fairness.
 *

    /** The LLM client manager for language model interactions. */
    @Resource
    protected LlmClientManager llmClientManager;

    /** The markdown renderer for converting markdown to safe HTML. */
    @Resource
    protected MarkdownRenderer markdownRenderer;

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     */
    public ChatClient() {
        // Default constructor
    }

    /**

  /**
   * This test will fail whenever someone updates/reorders the BloomFilterStrategies constants. Only
   * appending a new constant is allowed.
   */
  // This test ensures that our reliance on the ordering elsewhere is safe.
  @SuppressWarnings("EnumOrdinal")
  public void testBloomFilterStrategies() {
    assertThat(BloomFilterStrategies.values()).hasLength(2);

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">

/// note | 備考

ヘッダーの`Authorization`には、`Bearer `で始まる値があります。

///

## `scopes` を使った高度なユースケース { #advanced-usage-with-scopes }

OAuth2には、「スコープ」という概念があります。

これらを利用して、JWTトークンに特定の権限セットを追加することができます。

そして、このトークンをユーザーに直接、または第三者に与えて、制限付きでAPIを操作できます。

これらの使用方法や**FastAPI**への統合方法については、**高度なユーザーガイド**で後ほど説明します。

   *
   * @param valueClass class of values stored in the returned array
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // reflection
  public @Nullable V[][] toArray(Class<V> valueClass) {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // TODO: safe?
    @Nullable V[][] copy =
        (@Nullable V[][]) Array.newInstance(valueClass, rowList.size(), columnList.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < rowList.size(); i++) {
      arraycopy(array[i], 0, copy[i], 0, array[i].length);