double actualReportedFpp = bf.expectedFpp();
    assertThat(actualReportedFpp).isWithin(0.00033).of(expectedReportedFpp);
  }

  /** Sanity checking with many combinations of false positive rates and expected insertions */
  public void testBasic() {
    for (double fpr = 0.0000001; fpr < 0.1; fpr *= 10) {

  private final int replacementsLength;
  // The first character in the safe range.
  private final char safeMin;
  // The last character in the safe range.
  private final char safeMax;

  /**
   * Creates a new ArrayBasedCharEscaper instance with the given replacement map and specified safe
   * range. If {@code safeMax < safeMin} then no characters are considered safe.
   *

 *
 * <p>Note that although your APIs should be liberal in what they accept, your methods which
 * <i>return</i> iterables should make every attempt to return ones of the robust variety.
 *
 * <p>This testing utility is not thread-safe.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class MinimalIterable<E extends @Nullable Object> implements Iterable<E> {
  /** Returns an iterable whose iterator returns the given elements in order. */

    assertEscaping(e, "%7E", '~');
    assertEscaping(e, "%27", '\'');

    // Plus for spaces
    assertEscaping(e, "+", ' ');
    assertEscaping(e, "%2B", '+');

    assertEquals("safe+with+spaces", e.escape("safe with spaces"));
    assertEquals("foo%40bar.com", e.escape("******@****.***"));
  }

  public void testUrlPathSegmentEscaper() {
    UnicodeEscaper e = (UnicodeEscaper) urlPathSegmentEscaper();

  // propagate to the input. Cancellation propagation is fundamentally racy so this is fine.
  //
  // Future versions of the JMM may revise safe construction semantics in such a way that we can
  // safely publish these objects and we won't need this whole discussion.
  // TODO(user,lukes): consider adding volatile to all these fields since in current known JVMs

import com.google.common.testing.AbstractPackageSanityTests;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Basic sanity tests for the entire package.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */

@NullUnmarked
public class PackageSanityTests extends AbstractPackageSanityTests {

  public PackageSanityTests() throws Exception {

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage;

import com.google.common.testing.AbstractPackageSanityTests;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Covers basic sanity checks for the entire package.
 *
 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 */

@NullUnmarked
public class PackageSanityTests extends AbstractPackageSanityTests {

    // Avoid ambiguous parameters. Safe characters are never modified so if
    // space is a safe character then setting plusForSpace is meaningless.
    if (plusForSpace && safeChars.contains(" ")) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "plusForSpace cannot be specified when space is a 'safe' character");
    }
    this.plusForSpace = plusForSpace;
    this.safeOctets = createSafeOctets(safeChars);
  }

  }

  public void testBadArguments_plusforspace() {
    // space can be a safe char if plusForSpace is false
    PercentEscaper unused = new PercentEscaper(" ", false);

    // space cannot be a safe char is plusForSpace is true
    String msg = "plusForSpace cannot be specified when space is a 'safe' character";
    IllegalArgumentException expected =

    private Builder() {}

    /**
     * Sets the safe range of characters for the escaper. Characters in this range that have no
     * explicit replacement are considered 'safe' and remain unescaped in the output. If {@code
     * safeMax < safeMin} then the safe range is empty.
     *
     * @param safeMin the lowest 'safe' character
     * @param safeMax the highest 'safe' character
     * @return the builder instance
     */