if err != nil {
		return 0, 0, 0, buf, err
	}
	if hdrVer > xlHeaderVersion {
		return 0, 0, 0, buf, fmt.Errorf("decodeXLHeaders: Unknown xl header version %d", hdrVer)
	}
	if metaVer > xlMetaVersion {
		return 0, 0, 0, buf, fmt.Errorf("decodeXLHeaders: Unknown xl meta version %d", metaVer)
	}
	versions, buf, err = msgp.ReadIntBytes(buf)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, 0, 0, buf, err
	}

	}

	var written int64
	for {
		buf := alignedBuf
		if totalSize > 0 {
			remaining := totalSize - written
			if remaining < int64(len(buf)) {
				buf = buf[:remaining]
			}
		}

		nr, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf)
		eof := errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
		if err != nil && !eof {
			return written, err
		}

		buf = buf[:nr]
		var (
			n  int
			un int

	var buf []byte
	var directoryEndOffset int64
	for i, bLen := range []int64{1024, 65 * 1024} {
		if bLen > size {
			bLen = size
		}
		buf = make([]byte, int(bLen))
		if _, err := r.ReadAt(buf, size-bLen); err != nil && err != io.EOF {
			return nil, 0, err
		}
		if p := findSignatureInBlock(buf); p >= 0 {
			buf = buf[p:]
			directoryEndOffset = size - bLen + int64(p)

	parser := newParser("amd64")
	var buf strings.Builder
	parser.errorWriter = &buf

	for _, cat := range testcats {
		for _, test := range cat.tests {
			parser.allowABI = cat.allowABI
			parser.errorCount = 0
			parser.lineNum++
			if !parser.pseudo(test.pseudo, tokenize(test.operands)) {
				t.Fatalf("Wrong pseudo-instruction: %s", test.pseudo)
			}
			errorLine := buf.String()
			if test.expected != errorLine {

		// or space is needed.
		if s.start > 0 && (s.end == len(s.buf) || s.start > len(s.buf)/2) {
			copy(s.buf, s.buf[s.start:s.end])
			s.end -= s.start
			s.start = 0
		}
		// Is the buffer full? If so, resize.
		if s.end == len(s.buf) {
			// Guarantee no overflow in the multiplication below.
			const maxInt = int(^uint(0) >> 1)
			if len(s.buf) >= s.maxTokenSize || len(s.buf) > maxInt/2 {
				s.setErr(ErrTooLong)
				return false

      Future<?> possiblyIgnoredError4 = threadPool.submit(new Producer(q, 20));

      List<Object> buf = new ArrayList<>();
      int elements = drain(q, buf, 100, MAX_VALUE, NANOSECONDS, interruptibly);
      assertEquals(100, elements);
      assertEquals(100, buf.size());
      assertDrained(q);
    }
  }

  public void testDrainTimesOut() throws Exception {

)

func main() {
	rb := ringbuffer.New(1024)

	// write
	rb.Write([]byte("abcd"))
	fmt.Println(rb.Length())
	fmt.Println(rb.Free())

	// read
	buf := make([]byte, 4)
	rb.Read(buf)
	fmt.Println(string(buf))
}
```

It is possible to use an existing buffer with by replacing `New` with `NewBuffer`.


# Blocking vs Non-blocking

    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();

        buf.append(isLowerBoundInclusive() ? '[' : '(');
        if (getLowerBound() != null) {
            buf.append(getLowerBound().toString());
        }
        buf.append(',');
        if (getUpperBound() != null) {
            buf.append(getUpperBound().toString());
        }
        buf.append(isUpperBoundInclusive() ? ']' : ')');

			if lastCase && (nextCase || nextNumber) {
				buf.WriteRune(v + 32)
			} else {
				if i > 0 && value[i-1] != '_' && value[i+1] != '_' {
					buf.WriteByte('_')
				}
				buf.WriteRune(v + 32)
			}
		} else {
			buf.WriteRune(v)
		}

		lastCase = curCase
		curCase = nextCase
	}

	if curCase {
		if !lastCase && len(value) > 1 {
			buf.WriteByte('_')
		}

}

// Encodes the response headers into XML format.
func encodeResponse(response any) []byte {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	buf.WriteString(xml.Header)
	if err := xml.NewEncoder(&buf).Encode(response); err != nil {
		bugLogIf(GlobalContext, err)
		return nil
	}
	return buf.Bytes()
}

// Use this encodeResponseList() to support control characters
// this function must be used by only ListObjects() for objects