assertNull(e.getMessage());
        assertSame(cause, e.getCause());
    }

    /**
     * Test the constructor with both a message and a cause.
     */
    @Test
    void testMessageAndCauseConstructor() {
        String errorMessage = "This is a test error message.";
        Throwable cause = new RuntimeException("Root cause");
        PACDecodingException e = new PACDecodingException(errorMessage, cause);

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Message and cause constructor should preserve both crypto parameters")
    void testMessageAndCauseConstructor() {
        // Given
        NoSuchAlgorithmException cause = new NoSuchAlgorithmException("Algorithm not found");

        // When