private static final long[] nonnegative = new long[ARRAY_SIZE];
  private static final long[] longs = new long[ARRAY_SIZE];

  @BeforeExperiment
  void setUp() {
    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
      exponents[i] = randomExponent();
      positive[i] = randomPositiveBigInteger(Long.SIZE - 1).longValue();
      nonnegative[i] = randomNonNegativeBigInteger(Long.SIZE - 1).longValue();

  private static final long[] nonnegative = new long[ARRAY_SIZE];
  private static final long[] longs = new long[ARRAY_SIZE];

  @BeforeExperiment
  void setUp() {
    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
      exponents[i] = randomExponent();
      positive[i] = randomPositiveBigInteger(Long.SIZE - 1).longValue();
      nonnegative[i] = randomNonNegativeBigInteger(Long.SIZE - 1).longValue();

  private static int[] factorial = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];
  private static int[] binomial = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];
  private static final int[] positive = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];
  private static final int[] nonnegative = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];
  private static final int[] ints = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];

  @BeforeExperiment
  void setUp() {
    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
      exponent[i] = randomExponent();

  }

  ExplicitOrdering(ImmutableMap<T, Integer> rankMap) {
    this.rankMap = rankMap;
  }

  @Override
  public int compare(T left, T right) {
    return rank(left) - rank(right); // safe because both are nonnegative
  }

  private int rank(T value) {
    Integer rank = rankMap.get(value);
    if (rank == null) {
      throw new IncomparableValueException(value);
    }
    return rank;
  }

  @Override

  }

  ExplicitOrdering(ImmutableMap<T, Integer> rankMap) {
    this.rankMap = rankMap;
  }

  @Override
  public int compare(T left, T right) {
    return rank(left) - rank(right); // safe because both are nonnegative
  }

  private int rank(T value) {
    Integer rank = rankMap.get(value);
    if (rank == null) {
      throw new IncomparableValueException(value);
    }
    return rank;
  }

  @Override

  abstract int sign(X x);

  /** Returns d's value as an X, rounded with the specified mode. */
  abstract X toX(double d, RoundingMode mode);

  /** Returns a - b, guaranteed that both arguments are nonnegative. */
  abstract X minus(X a, X b);

  /** Rounds {@code x} to a {@code double}. */
  final double roundToDouble(X x, RoundingMode mode) {
    checkNotNull(x, "x");
    checkNotNull(mode, "mode");

  abstract int sign(X x);

  /** Returns d's value as an X, rounded with the specified mode. */
  abstract X toX(double d, RoundingMode mode);

  /** Returns a - b, guaranteed that both arguments are nonnegative. */
  abstract X minus(X a, X b);

  /** Rounds {@code x} to a {@code double}. */
  final double roundToDouble(X x, RoundingMode mode) {
    checkNotNull(x, "x");
    checkNotNull(mode, "mode");

      long delta = a - b; // can't overflow, since a and b are nonnegative

      long minDeltaOrZero = delta & (delta >> (Long.SIZE - 1));
      // equivalent to Math.min(delta, 0)

      a = delta - minDeltaOrZero - minDeltaOrZero; // sets a to Math.abs(a - b)
      // a is now nonnegative and even

      b += minDeltaOrZero; // sets b to min(old a, b)

      long delta = a - b; // can't overflow, since a and b are nonnegative

      long minDeltaOrZero = delta & (delta >> (Long.SIZE - 1));
      // equivalent to Math.min(delta, 0)

      a = delta - minDeltaOrZero - minDeltaOrZero; // sets a to Math.abs(a - b)
      // a is now nonnegative and even

      b += minDeltaOrZero; // sets b to min(old a, b)

   * interpreted as an unsigned 32-bit value. Specifically, the sign bit of {@code bits} is
   * interpreted as a normal bit, and all other bits are treated as usual.
   *
   * <p>If the argument is nonnegative, the returned result will be equal to {@code bits},
   * otherwise, the result will be equal to {@code 2^32 + bits}.
   *
   * <p>To represent unsigned decimal constants, consider {@link #valueOf(long)} instead.
   *