@Nested
    @DisplayName("Wire format method behaviour")
    class WireFormatMethods {
        @ParameterizedTest
        @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, -1, Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE })
        @DisplayName("writeSetupWireFormat returns 0 for all indices")
        void writeSetupWireFormatReturnsZero(int index) {
            TransWaitNamedPipeResponse resp = new TransWaitNamedPipeResponse();

        void nullArray() {
            assertEquals(0, response.writeParameterWordsWireFormat(null, 0));
        }

        @ParameterizedTest
        @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 5, 9 })
        @DisplayName("Returns 0 with valid array and various indices")
        void nonNullArray(int index) {
            byte[] arr = new byte[10];
            assertEquals(0, response.writeParameterWordsWireFormat(arr, index));
        }
    }

    @Nested

            int bytesRead = response.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

            assertEquals(16, bytesRead);
            assertEquals(-1, response.getCount()); // -1 as signed int represents max unsigned value
            assertEquals(-2, response.getRemaining());
        }

        private byte[] createValidWriteResponse(int count, int remaining) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[64];

        assertNotNull(msg, "Message must not be null after construction");
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 5, -1, 10 })
    @DisplayName("writeParameterWordsWireFormat always returns 0")
    void writeParameterWordsWireFormatReturnsZero(int index) {
        SmbComLogoffAndX msg = new SmbComLogoffAndX(null);

        void testEncodeVariousCipherCounts(int cipherCount) {
            int[] ciphers = new int[cipherCount];
            for (int i = 0; i < cipherCount; i++) {
                ciphers[i] = i + 1;
            }
            EncryptionNegotiateContext context = new EncryptionNegotiateContext(mockConfig, ciphers);

            int bytesWritten = context.encode(buffer, 0);

        @ParameterizedTest
        @ValueSource(ints = { -10, -1, 0, 1, 42 })
        @DisplayName("Returns 0 regardless of dst and index")
        void returnsZero_forVariousIndexes(int index) {
            // Arrange
            Smb2LogoffResponse resp = newResponse();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[8];
            byte[] original = buffer.clone();

            // Act
            int written = resp.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, index);

     * Validate that the constructor masks the supplied value to its
     * lowest 8 bits (NdrShort incorrectly masks to 8 bits even though it's a short).
     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 255, -1, 256, 65535 })
    void constructorMasksValue(int input) {
        NdrShort ns = new NdrShort(input);
        // NdrShort masks to 0xFF (8 bits) in its constructor
        int expected = input & 0xFF;

    @DisplayName("Test decode with aligned next entry offsets")
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 1024 })
    void testDecodeWithAlignedOffsets(int nextOffset) throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        byte[] buffer = createNotificationBufferWithNextOffset("aligned.txt", FileNotifyInformation.FILE_ACTION_ADDED, nextOffset);

        int bytesRead = notifyInfo.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Each error code mapping contains exactly two ints")
    void testEachPairLength() {
        for (int i = 0; i < DosError.DOS_ERROR_CODES.length; i++) {
            int[] pair = DosError.DOS_ERROR_CODES[i];
            assertEquals(2, pair.length, String.format("Error mapping at index %d should contain two integers", i));
        }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @DisplayName("hasCapability returns expected values for various caps")
    @ValueSource(ints = { -1, 0, 1, 1024 })
    void hasCapability_variousCaps(int cap) throws SmbException {
        when(transport.hasCapability(anyInt())).thenAnswer(inv -> ((int) inv.getArgument(0)) >= 0);

        boolean result = transport.hasCapability(cap);

        assertEquals(cap >= 0, result);