Without a data validation system, you would have to do all the checks by hand, in code.

These features are what Marshmallow was built to provide. It is a great library, and I have used it a lot before.

As part of that, I needed to investigate, test and use many alternatives.

The history of **FastAPI** is in great part the history of its predecessors.

As said in the section [Alternatives](alternatives.md):

<blockquote markdown="1">

**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

async def update_item(item_id: str):
    if item_id != "plumbus":
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=403, detail="You can only update the item: plumbus"
        )

dear!  I'd nearly forgotten that I've got to grow up again!  Let
me see--how IS it to be managed?  I suppose I ought to eat or
drink something or other; but the great question is, what?'

  The great question certainly was, what?  Alice looked all round
her at the flowers and the blades of grass, but she did not see
anything that looked like the right thing to eat or drink under

# External Links

**FastAPI** has a great community constantly growing.

There are many posts, articles, tools, and projects, related to **FastAPI**.

You could easily use a search engine or video platform to find many resources related to FastAPI.

/// info

Before, this page used to list links to external articles.

dear!  I'd nearly forgotten that I've got to grow up again!  Let
me see--how IS it to be managed?  I suppose I ought to eat or
drink something or other; but the great question is, what?'

  The great question certainly was, what?  Alice looked all round
her at the flowers and the blades of grass, but she did not see
anything that looked like the right thing to eat or drink under

Up to now, you have been using common data types, like:

* `int`
* `float`
* `str`
* `bool`

But you can also use more complex data types.

And you will still have the same features as seen up to now:

* Great editor support.
* Data conversion from incoming requests.
* Data conversion for response data.
* Data validation.
* Automatic annotation and documentation.

## Other data types { #other-data-types }

## 1. Prerequisites

* Familiarity with [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/overview/).

- To run `make test` and `make build` completes.

### Commit changes

After verification, commit your changes. This is a [great post](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/) on how to write useful commit messages

```
git commit -am 'Add some feature'
```

### Push to the branch

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A utility for testing an Iterator implementation by comparing its behavior to that of a "known
 * good" reference implementation. In order to accomplish this, it's important to test a great
 * variety of sequences of the {@link Iterator#next}, {@link Iterator#hasNext} and {@link
 * Iterator#remove} operations. This utility takes the brute-force approach of trying <i>all</i>